5 Langkah Pencegahan Katarak yang Perlu Anda Ketahui

5 Langkah Pencegahan Katarak yang Perlu Anda Ketahui

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Katarak adalah gangguan penglihatan di mana lensa mata menjadi keruh dan berawan. Pada orang yang mengalami katarak, pandangan akan terasa seperti melihat kabut dan berasap. Umumnya, pengidap katarak mungkin tidak akan terganggu dengan kondisi ini. Namun lambat laun kondisi ini akan memburuk dan mengganggu penglihatan Anda. Katarak umumnya dialami oleh para lansia, baik pada lelaki maupun perempuan. Meskipun merupakan penyakit yang sangat umum dialami lansia, namun Anda juga bisa melakukan sejumlah upaya pencegahan timbulnya katarak.

 

Penyebab terbentuknya katarak

Faktor utama terbentuknya katarak adalah penuaan. Seiring dengan bertambahnya usia, lensa mata menjadi kurang fleksibel, kurang transparan dan lebih tebal. Dilansir dari Mayo Clinic, katarak terbentuk dari sejumlah protein pada lensa mata yang menggumpal dan mulai membentuk awan yang menutupi lensa. Kondisi inilah yang menghalangi cahaya dan mengurangi ketajaman penglihatan mata.

Meskipun faktor usia kerap mejadi penyebab utama katarak, namun katarak juga dapat disebabkan oleh masalah kesehatan lainnya seperti diabetes, benturan atau trauma fisik, bawaan lahir, infeksi cacing toxocariasis dan penyakit keturunan galaktosemia.

 

Tips mencegah katarak

Hingga saat ini, belum dapat ditemukan obat untuk mencegah katarak. Namun ada beberapa cara yang bisa dilakukan untuk mencegah terbentuknya katarak, di antaranya:

1. Berhenti merokok

Kebiasaan merokok ternyata tidak hanya merusak paru-paru dan saluran pernapasan namun juga dapat membahayakan penglihatan. Dilansir dari Everyday Health, merokok dapat meningkatkan risiko terbentuknya katarak. Sebuah penelitian menyebutkan perokok memiliki risiko dua kali lebih tinggi untuk mengalami katarak. Risiko dapat meningkat hingga tiga kali lipat pada perokok berat.

Para ahli meyakini bahwa merokok menyebabkan oksidasi pada lensa sehingga lebih mudah terbentuknya katarak. Selain itu ada sejumlah bukti ilmiah yang menyatakan bahwa perokok memiliki penumpukan kadmium pada lensa mata.

2. Mengonsumsi makanan sehat

Dikutip dari laman WebMD, sejumlah penelitian menyebutkan bahwa beberapa makanan dapat membantu mencegah terbentuknya katarak. Makanan yang disarankan adalah makanan yang kaya akan vitamin C dan E seperti kelompok citrus (jeruk dan lemon), brokoli, kiwi, tomat, dan stroberi. Sedangkan untuk sumber vitamin E Anda bisa mendapatkannya pada kacang almon, minyak sayur, dan sayuran berwarna hijau gelap seperti bayam dan brokoli.

3. Gunakan kaca mata hitam

Menggunakan kaca mata hitam bukan hanya untuk menambah kepercayaan diri Anda, namun juga membantu mencegah katarak. Sebuah penelitian menyebutkan bahwa paparan sinar UV dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada lensa mata. Untuk itu, jika Anda banyak beraktivitas di luar maka sebaiknya gunakanlah kaca mata hitam yang mampu melindungi mata dari paparan sinar UV.

4. Kurangi konsumsi alkohol

Penelitian menyebutkan bahwa orang yang jarang mengonsumsi alkohol mengalami risiko lebih kecil untuk terkena katarak. Dengan mengurangi minum minuman beralkohol, Anda juga dapat mengurangi risiko timbulnya katarak.

5. Lakukan pemeriksaan gula darah secara rutin

Diabetes juga dapat menjadi pemicu terbentuknya katarak. Ketika kadar gula dalam darah cukup tinggi dalam waktu yang lama, lensa mata membengkak dan mengubah kadar gula darah menjadi sorbitol. Sorbitol dapat membentuk awan pada lensa mata sehingga terbentuklah katarak.

Bagi Anda yang memiliki penyakit diabetes, Anda disarankan untuk melakukan pemeriksaan kadar gula darah secara rutin untuk mencegah komplikasi diabetes termasuk katarak.

6. Lakukan pemeriksaan mata secara rutin

Memeriksakan mata secara rutin dapat menjadi salah satu cara pencegahan Anda pada katarak. Dengan melakukan pemeriksaan mata secara berkala maka gejala katarak dapat diketahui lebih awal dan dapat ditangani dengan tepat.

 

 

Writer: Ratih

Editor: dr. Benita Arini Kurniadi

Last updated: 23/09/2021

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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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        Backtrace
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        Hints
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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