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Gejala dan Penyebab Radang Amandel (Tonsilitis) pada Anak-Anak

Gejala dan Penyebab Radang Amandel (Tonsilitis) pada Anak-Anak
Credits: Freepik. Sebagian anak mungkin mengalami radang amandel disertai sakit tenggorokan.

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Di bagian belakang tenggorokan terdapat daging berbentuk bulat berwarna kemerahan yang disebut amandel. Amandel merupakan bagian dari sistem kekebalan, seperti halnya kelenjar getah bening.

Amandel membantu menyaring kuman yang masuk melalui hidung dan mulut anak serta melindungi tubuh dari infeksi. Saat terinfeksi atau mengalami peradangan, amandel menjadi bengkak dan merah.

 

Gejala Radang Amandel

Radang amandel disebut juga dengan istilah tonsilitis. Radang amandel sering dialami anak-anak terutama di usia 5-15 tahun. Saat amandel mengalami peradangan, biasanya ada gejala lain yang menyertai, di antaranya:

  • Amandel membengkak dan merah
  • Sakit tenggorokan
  • Kesulitan menelan
  • Demam dan menggigil
  • Napas berbau tak sedap
  • Pembengkakan pada kelenjar getah bening di leher
  • Sakit kepala
  • Hidung berair dan gejala pilek lainnya
  • Sakit telinga
  • Kehilangan nafsu makan

Anak juga mungkin mengalami ruam kulit, tergantung pada penyebab infeksinya. Biasanya gejala radang amandel akan membaik dalam beberapa hari atau beberapa minggu.

Selama mengalami gejala, anak-anak dianjurkan beristirahat serta mencukupi kebutuhan cairan tubuh agar terhindar dari dehidrasi.

Baca Juga: Gejala Jika Mengalami Batu Amandel dan Cara Mencegahnya

 

Penyebab Radang Amandel

Radang amandel dapat disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri dan virus. Penyebab terseringnya adalah infeksi bakteri Streptococcus, namun dapat juga diakibatkan infeksi lainnya, seperti:

  • Adenovirus
  • Virus Influenza
  • Virus Parainfluenza
  • Virus Epstein-Barr
  • Enterovirus
  • Herpes simpleks

Sebagian besar kasus radang amandel yang menyerang anak-anak disebabkan oleh infeksi virus maupun bakteri yang menyebar saat anak-anak bersekolah atau melakukan kegiatan di luar rumah.

 

Tips Bila Anak Terserang Radang Amandel

Radang amandel bisa diobati tergantung pada apa penyebabnya. Bila disebabkan oleh bakteri, maka dokter akan memberikan tes terlebih dahulu kemudian meresepkan antibiotik. Biasanya, anak akan merasa lebih baik dalam 2-3 hari.

Bila radang amandel disebabkan oleh virus, obat antibiotik tidak akan membantu menyembuhkan radang amandel. Radang yang disebabkan oleh virus biasanya akan membaik dengan sendirinya seiring dengan sistem kekebalan tubuh yang berusaha melawan virus.

Selain pengobatan, berikut adalah beberapa hal yang bisa dilakukan untuk mengatasi radang amandel:

  • Cukup istirahat
  • Minum air yang hangat atau dingin untuk membantu mengatasi sakit tenggorokan
  • Makan makanan yang lembut seperti es krim, bubur
  • Menggunakan humidifier untuk menjaga kelembapan ruangan
  • Berkumur dengan air garam
  • Mengisap permen pelega tenggorokan
  • Minum obat pereda nyeri seperti paracetamol atau ibuprofen

Baca Juga: Radang Amandel, Haruskah Melakukan Operasi?

 

Sebagian anak mungkin mengalami radang amandel kronis di mana anak sering merasa sakit tenggorokan disertai pembengkakan amandel.

Dokter mungkin menyarankan untuk menjalani tonsilektomi (pengangkatan amandel) bila radang amandel terus-menerus datang kembali hingga menyebabkan kesulitan bernapas atau keluhan berat dan kronis lainnya.

Konsultasikan kembali dengan dokter untuk kemungkinan pilihan pengobatan radang amandel pada anak. Segera periksakan anak ke dokter jika gejala radang amandel tidak membaik dengan obat pereda nyeri dan penurun panas, atau segera bawa anak ke fasilitas kesehatan terdekat bila anak menunjukkan tanda-tanda dehidrasi.

Anda juga bisa memanfaatkan layanan telekonsultasi dengan dokter melalui aplikasi Ai Care yang bisa diunduh di Play Store atau App Store di ponsel Anda.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Selasa, 27 Juni 2023 | 05:31
Tags : tonsilitis Anak - anak radang amandel amandel

Kids Health (2023). Tonsillitis. Available from: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/tonsillitis.html 

Raising Children (2022). Tonsillitis. Available from: https://raisingchildren.net.au/guides/a-z-health-reference/tonsillitis 

Cleveland Clinic (2022). Tonsils. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/23459-tonsils 

Stanford Medicine Children's Health. Tonsilitis. Available from: https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/service/ear-nose-throat/conditions/tonsillitis 

Mary Anne Dunkin (2023). Tonsillitis. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/oral-health/tonsillitis-symptoms-causes-and-treatments 

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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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