6 Kebiasaan Sehat untuk Mencegah Katarak

6 Kebiasaan Sehat untuk Mencegah Katarak
Ilustrasi lansia yang merasakan gejala katarak. Credits: Freepik

Bagikan :


Secara sederhana katarak digambarkan sebagai keruhnya lensa yang ada di belakang bagian mata. Lensa ini bertugas memfokuskan cahaya yang masuk agar mata menghasilkan gambar yang jelas.

Mata yang mengalami katarak bisa menyebabkan penglihatan menjadi tidak jelas. Anda mungkin akan merasa penglihatan seperti jendela berkabut sehingga mempersulit membaca, mengendarai mobil atau melihat ekspresi wajah orang lain. Namun, jangan khawatir karena sebenarnya katarak bisa dicegah.

 

Waspada Gejala Katarak

Gejala katarak bisa berkembang dari ringan hingga memburuk, seiring dengan melebarnya katarak di mata. Berikut adalah beberapa gejala yang perlu diwaspadai:

  • Penglihatan tidak jelas, berkabut, atau buram
  • Kesulitan melihat di malam hari
  • Sensitif terhadap cahaya
  • Membutuhkan pencahayaan yang lebih terang untuk membaca atau melakukan kegiatan lainnya
  • Melihat "halo" atau lingkaran pelangi di sekitar cahaya
  • Sering berganti ukuran kacamata atau lensa kontak
  • Penglihatan ganda 

Baca Juga: Jenis-Jenis Katarak yang Perlu Anda Ketahui

 

Cara Mencegah Terbentuknya Katarak

Sebagian besar katarak terjadi seiring bertambahnya usia. Namun, katarak juga bisa terjadi setelah mata mengalami cedera atau operasi seperti glaukoma.

Risiko katarak juga meningkat apabila Anda adalah perokok aktif, gemar mengonsumsi minuman beralkohol, beraktivitas di bawah paparan sinar matahari langsung tanpa pelindung mata, mengonsumsi obat-obatan golongan kortikosteroid, memiliki riwayat keluarga dengan katarak, dan memiliki riwayat diabetes.

Nah, beberapa kebiasaan berikut dapat membantu mencegah terbentuknya katarak:

Menggunakan kacamata dengan anti-UV

Paparan sinar matahari dapat menyebabkan kerusakan mata yang mengarah pada perkembangan katarak. Pada tingkat mikroskopis, sinar UV menyebabkan kerusakan molekul yang mengganggu protein di lensa dan menyebabkannya menggumpal.

Mengenakan kacamata hitam dengan anti-UV akan membantu meminimalkan jumlah sinar UV yang mencapai mata. Untuk perlindungan terbaik, cari kacamata hitam dengan perlindungan terhadap sinar UV A dan UV B.

 

Berhenti merokok

Orang yang merokok lebih mungkin mengalami katarak daripada orang yang tidak merokok. Kandungan zat kimia di dalam rokok menyebabkan dampak negatif bagi seluruh tubuh termasuk mata. Merokok juga dapat meningkatkan risiko degenerasi makula.

 

Makan dengan nutrisi seimbang

Untuk menurunkan risiko katarak, para ahli menyarankan untuk menyeimbangkan asupan nutrisi. Beberapa makanan ini dinilai efektif menurunkan risiko katarak:

  • Asam lemak omega-3
  • Vitamin C
  • Kacang-kacangan dan biji-bijian
  • Gandum utuh
  • Buah-buahan dan sayuran berwarna merah, oranye atau kuning yang mengandung karotenoid

 

Melindungi mata dari cedera

Saat melakukan kegiatan berisiko tinggi, Anda perlu menggunakan pelindung mata seperti helm, kacamata pelindung (safety goggles), atau alat pelindung lainnya.

 

Membatasi asupan minuman beralkohol

Sama seperti rokok, minuman beralkohol juga dapat meningkatkan risiko katarak. Untuk itu, para ahli menyarankan agar Anda membatasi asupan minuman beralkohol.

Wanita dewasa sebaiknya tidak minum lebih dari 4 gelas alkohol dalam satu sesi. Sedangkan pria dewasa sebaiknya tidak minum lebih dari 5 gelas alkohol dalam satu sesi. Satu sesi berkisar 2-3 jam.

Baca Juga: Beginilah Prosedur dan Risiko Operasi Katarak

 

Mendapatkan pemeriksaan mata rutin

Pada perkembangan awal, gejala katarak tidak mudah dikenali. Anda perlu memeriksakan diri apabila merasakan gejala seperti yang telah disebutkan di atas.

Para ahli juga merekomendasikan agar Anda melakukan pemeriksaan mata setiap 2-4 tahun sekali saat berusia 40-54 tahun, 1-3 tahun sekali saat berusia 55-64 tahun, dan 1-2 tahun sekali saat berusia 65 tahun atau lebih.

Anda juga bisa berkonsultasi dengan dokter kami melalui aplikasi Ai Care bila mencurigai adanya gejala katarak yang dirasakan.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Kamis, 30 November 2023 | 09:21

Mayo Clinic (2022). Cataracts. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cataracts/symptoms-causes/syc-20353790 

National Eye Institute (2023). Cataracts. Available from: https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-conditions-and-diseases/cataracts 

US FDA (2022). How Smoking Can Contribute to Vision Loss and Blindness. Available from: https://www.fda.gov/tobacco-products/health-effects-tobacco-use/how-smoking-can-contribute-vision-loss-and-blindness 

Dr. Russel Lazarus (2021). Can Nutrition Stop Cataracts?. Available from: https://www.optometrists.org/general-practice-optometry/guide-to-eye-conditions/guide-to-cataracts/can-nutrition-stop-cataracts 

CDC (2019). What is Excessive Alcohol Use?. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/onlinemedia/infographics/excessive-alcohol-use.html 

Daniel Yetman (2023). 6 Ways to Reduce Your Risk of Cataracts. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/eye-health/how-to-prevent-cataracts#eat-a-balanced-diet 

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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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