Ternyata Ini yang Dapat Menyebabkan Jantung Koroner

Ternyata Ini yang Dapat Menyebabkan Jantung Koroner
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Pembuluh darah koroner jantung bertugas untuk memasok darah ke otot jantung. Pembuluh darah koroner ini berada di melingkari permukaan jantung dan memiliki cabang kecil yang memasok darah ke otot jantung. Karena pembuluh darah koroner mengirimkan darah ke otot jantung, setiap gangguan atau penyakit pembuluh darah koroner dapat mengurangi aliran oksigen dan nutrisi ke jantung, yang dapat menyebabkan serangan jantung hingga kematian.

 

Apa Itu Penyakit Jantung Koroner?

Penyakit jantung koroner dapat terjadi ketika pembuluh darah utama yang memasok jantung menjadi rusak atau sakit. Kecepatan perkembangan kerusakannya bisa berbeda dari satu orang ke orang yang lain. Prosesnya biasanya dimulai ketika usia Anda masih sangat muda, lalu berkembang secara perlahan.

Atherosclerosis merupakan proses penumpukan lemak di dinding pembuluh darah. Saat plak menumpuk di dinding bagian dalam pembuluh darah, tubuh akan berusaha melawan proses ini dengan mengirimkan sel darah putih untuk menyerang kolesterol, tetapi serangan itu juga menyebabkan lebih banyak peradangan. Hal tersebut memicu sel-sel lain di dinding pembuluh darah untuk membentuk tutup yang lunak dan tipis di atas plak. Tutup ini dapat pecah karena tekanan darah atau penyebab lain.

Fragmen sel darah yang disebut trombosit terkadang menempel di tempat yang mengalami cedera, dan menyebabkan terbentuknya gumpalan. Gumpalan akan membuat pembuluh darah semakin sempit. Gumpalan ini terkadang pecah dengan sendirinya dan menghalangi aliran darah melalui pembuluh darah , yang menyebabkan oksigen tidak bisa masuk dan memicu serangan jantung.

 

Penyebab Penyakit Jantung Koroner

Penyakit jantung koroner diperkirakan diawali dengan adanya kerusakan atau cedera pada lapisan dalam pembuluh darah koroner sejak masa anak dan remaja. Kerusakan tersebut seringkali disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor di antaranya:

 

Merokok

Tak hanya perokok aktif saja yang meningkatkan risiko penyakit jantung, perokok pasif yang menghirup asap rokok juga berisiko mengalami penyakit pembuluh darah koroner. Paparan asap rokok dapat meningkatkan formasi plak pada pembuluh darah. Bahan kimia yang terkandung di dalam rokok juga menyebabkan darah menebal, membentuk gumpalan di dalam pembuluh darah dan pembuluh darah . Penyumbatan dari gumpalan dapat menyebabkan serangan jantung dan kematian mendadak.

 

Tekanan Darah Tinggi

Selain merokok, tekanan darah tinggi merupakan faktor risiko utama penyakit kardiovaskular. Tekanan darah tinggi atau hipertensi adalah peningkatan abnormal yang persisten dari tekanan di dalam pembuluh darah yang mengalirkan darah ke seluruh tubuh.

Hipertensi seringkali disebut 'silent killer' karena tidak menimbulkan gejala. Banyak orang bahkan tidak mengetahui bahwa mereka memiliki tekanan darah tinggi sampai mereka memiliki masalah dengan jantung, ginjal atau otak mereka. Hipertensi telah terbukti meningkatkan tingkat gagal ginjal, penyakit pembuluh darah koroner, gagal jantung, dan stroke.

 

Kolesterol Tinggi

Tingginya kadar kolesterol di dalam darah dapat meningkatkan risiko pembentukan plak dan aterosklerosis. Walaupun beberapa orang mewarisi kondisi kolesterol tinggi dari keluarganya, namun gaya hidup tidak sehat adalah penyebab utama kolesterol tinggi.

Pola makan tidak sehat, kurangnya aktivitas fisik, merokok atau paparan asap rokok, kelebihan berat badan atau obesitas, semuanya dapat menyebabkan tingginya kolesterol jahat di dalam tubuh.

 

Pola Makan Tidak Sehat

Makan terlalu banyak makanan yang memiliki jumlah tinggi lemak jenuh, lemak trans, garam dan gula dapat meningkatkan risiko penyakit pembuluh darah koroner.

Makanan yang tinggi lemak jenuh dan lemak trans di antaranya:

  • Cake
  • Puding
  • Biskuit
  • Pastry
  • Daging olahan seperti sosis, burger, kebab, bacon, bakso, dan lain sebagainya
  • Margarin
  • Santan
  • Produk susu full cream seperti yogurt, krim susu, susu, keju
  • Pizza yang dibekukan
  • Makanan yang digoreng seperti kentang goreng, donat, ayam goreng tepung, gorengan, dan lain sebagainya

 

Selain itu, diabetes, kelebihan berat badan, kurang aktif secara fisik, dan stres tinggi juga dapat meningkatkan risiko penyakit jantung koroner. Untuk itu, disarankan agar Anda berhenti merokok, menghindari paparan asap rokok, berolahraga 75-150 menit per minggu, makan makanan yang sehat, mengontrol berat badan dan mengatasi stres dengan cara yang sehat agar terhindar dari risiko penyakit jantung koroner.

Apabila Anda berisiko tinggi terhadap penyakit jantung koroner dan seringkali mengalami sesak napas atau rasa sakit di dada, maka sebaiknya dapatkan pemeriksaan untuk mengetahui penyebab dan pengobatan yang tepat.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Anita Larasati Priyono
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 18:11

John Hopkins Medicine. Coronary Heart Disease. Available from: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/coronary-heart-disease

Mayo Clinic (2020). Coronary artery disease. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronary-artery-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20350613

Adam Felman (2021). What to know about coronary artery disease. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/184130

Cleveland Clinic (2021). Coronary Artery Disease. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16898-coronary-artery-disease

CDC. Smoking and Cardiovascular Disease. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/50th-anniversary/pdfs/fs_smoking_CVD_508.pdf

Vascular Cures. High Blood Pressure and Vascular Disease. Available from: https://vascularcures.org/vascular_diseases/high-blood-pressure-and-vascular-disease/

American Heart Association. Causes of High Cholesterol. Available from: https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/cholesterol/causes-of-high-cholesterol

HeartUK. Saturated fat. Available from: https://www.heartuk.org.uk/low-cholesterol-foods/saturated-fat

Mayo Clinic (2022). Trans fat is double trouble for heart health. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/in-depth/trans-fat/art-20046114

 

 

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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#11aicare_prod_new910μsselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 1 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.81msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6112 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6112
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 1137
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 603
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 6820
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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