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  • Sering Marah-Marah hingga Merusak Benda, Waspada Kemungkinan Intermittent Explosive Disorder

Sering Marah-Marah hingga Merusak Benda, Waspada Kemungkinan Intermittent Explosive Disorder

Sering Marah-Marah hingga Merusak Benda, Waspada Kemungkinan Intermittent Explosive Disorder
Credit: Freepik

Bagikan :


Marah adalah emosi yang wajar dialami oleh manusia. Namun jika Anda memiliki amarah yang berlebihan hingga membanting barang atau merusak barang, bisa jadi Anda mengalami gangguan kesehatan mental bernama intermittent explosive disorder (IED).

 

Apa Itu Intermittent Explosive Disorder?

Intermittent explosive disorder (IED) atau gangguan eksplosif intermiten adalah masalah kesehatan mental yang ditandai dengan amarah meledak-ledak dan agresi impulsif. Amarah berlebihan ini biasanya muncul sebagai reaksi terhadap situasi yang menyebabkan stres.

Orang dengan gangguan IED memiliki toleransi rendah terhadap rasa frustrasi dan masalah yang dihadapi. Ketika sedang tidak marah-marah, mereka memiliki perilaku yang normal. Namun ketika marah, pengidap IED dapat mengamuk hebat dengan kata-kata, berkelahi atau tindakan kekerasan.

Dilansir dari Cleveland Clinic, intermittent explosive disorder adalah salah satu jenis gangguan dari kontrol impuls. Sebagian besar pengidap IED juga memiliki gangguan kesehatan mental lainnya seperti gangguan kecemasan, autisme, dan bipolar.

Dari segi hubungan sosial, pengidap IED akan kesulitan menjalin hubungan sosial dengan orang-orang di sekitarnya termasuk keluarga, pasangan, teman di sekolah dan rekan kerja. Tidak menutup kemungkinan gangguan ini juga dapat menyebabkan seseorang mengalami masalah pidana akibat tindakan kekerasan yang dilakukan.

Baca Juga: Ini Penyebab Orang Mudah Marah dan Uring-Uringan saat Lapar

 

Gejala Intermittent Explosive Disorder

Dilansir Mayo Clinic, orang yang memiliki gangguan eksplosif intermiten ditandai dengan mengalami emosi meledak-ledak secara tiba-tiba yang berlangsung kurang dari 30 menit. Respon amarah yang muncul sering kali tidak sesuai dengan situasi atau peristiwa yang menyebabkannya. Pengidap IED menyadari bahwa ledakan amarah yang mereka rasakan tidak sesuai, namun kesulitan mengendalikannya.

Tanda-tanda seseorang mengalami gangguan eksplosif intermiten antara lain:

  • Kemarahan bersifat spontan, impulsif dan tidak terencana.
  • Terjadi setelah stres, terprovokasi atau terpicu sesuatu.
  • Bertahan tidak lebih dari 30 menit.
  • Menyebabkan masalah yang signifikan di sekolah, tempat kerja atau rumah.

Contoh bagaimana pengidap gangguan eksplosif intermiten menyalurkan amarahnya antara lain:

  • Berdebat secara lisan, termasuk di dalamnya berteriak dan mengancam.
  • Menyerang orang secara fisik seperti menampar, memukul atau menggunakan senjata lainnya.
  • Merusak benda di sekitar dengan membanting atau memukul.
  • Marah-marah di jalan.

Bagi pengidap gangguan eksplosif intermiten, tepat sebelum ledakan amarah Anda mungkin mengalami rasa marah yang sulit dibendung, tegang, pikiran yang terus berpacu, berdebar-debar, sesak atau tremor. Setelah berhasil meluapkan amarah yang Anda rasakan, Anda akan merasa lega yang diikuti penyesalan dan rasa malu.

Baca Juga: Penyebab Anda Mudah Marah dan Cara Mengatasinya

 

Penanganan Intermittent Explosive Disorder

Tidak ada satu penanganan mutlak untuk mengatasi intermittent explosive disorder. Setiap pasien bisa mendapatkan berbagai kombinasi terapi yang berbeda sesuai dengan keparahan dan kondisi yang dialami. Beberapa pengobatan gangguan eksplosif intermiten yang bisa diberikan antara lain:

Psikoterapi

Terapi yang umum digunakan adalah terapi perilaku kognitif. Dalam terapi ini akan difokuskan untuk melatih keterampilan pasien dalam menghadapi gejala serta mengenali jenis perilaku mana yang memicu respon agresif.

Mengonsumsi obat-obatan

Sejumlah obat-obatan dapat membantu mengatasi gangguan eksplosif intermiten seperti antidepresan, antikonvulsan (antikejang), obat-obatan anti kecemasan dan obat-obatan pengatur suasana hati.

 

Marah adalah emosi yang wajar dirasakan setiap manusia. Akan tetapi jika kemarahan yang Anda rasakan diikuti dengan tindakan agresif hingga menyebabkan kerusakan dan kekacauan, hal ini merupakan salah satu gejala gangguan mental yang perlu diwaspadai. Segera periksakan ke dokter apabila Anda mengalami gejala tersebut. 

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Senin, 17 April 2023 | 01:11

Mayo Clinic. Intermitternt Explosive Disorder. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/intermittent-explosive-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20373921.

Cleveland Clinic. Intermittent Explosive Disorder. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17786-intermittent-explosive-disorder.

Weishaupt, J. (2021). What Is Intermittent Explosive Disorder?. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/what-is-intermittent-explosive-disorder.

Vandergriendt, C. (2018). Intermittent Explosive Disorder. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/mental-health/intermittent-explosive-disorder.

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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