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Pilihan Makanan Indeks Glikemik Rendah bagi Pengidap Diabetes

Pilihan Makanan Indeks Glikemik Rendah bagi Pengidap Diabetes
Ilustrasi makanan indeks glikemik rendah. Credit: Freepik

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Pengidap diabetes perlu lebih selektif dalam memilih jenis makanan yang dikonsumsi setiap hari. Umumnya, pengidap diabetes dianjurkan mengonsumsi makanan indeks glikemik rendah yang tidak menyebabkan lonjakan gula darah sehingga kadar gula dalam darah tetap terkendali. Apa saja makanan yang termasuk dalam kelompok indeks glikemik rendah? Simak dalam ulasan berikut.

 

Apa Itu Indeks Glikemik Rendah?

Indeks glikemik adalah sistem klasifikasi yang mengurutkan makanan kaya karbohidrat menurut dampaknya terhadap kadar gula darah. Indeks glikemik menunjukkan seberapa cepat makanan dicerna dan diserap ke dalam aliran darah.

Indeks glikemik memberi peringkat makanan dalam skala 1-100. Makanan dengan skala indeks glikemik kurang dari 55 termasuk indeks glikemik rendah, antara 56-69 termasuk sedang, dan di atas 70 termasuk tinggi. Semakin tinggi angka indeks glikemik berarti semakin tinggi dampak makanan tersebut terhadap gula darah. Artinya, semakin cepat karbohidrat dalam makanan dipecah dan menaikkan gula darah.

Pengidap diabetes dianjurkan mengonsumsi makanan dengan indeks glikemik rendah agar tidak membuat kadar gula darah melonjak. Tingginya kadar gula darah dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pembuluh darah yang dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya komplikasi diabetes seperti penyakit jantung, stroke, serta kerusakan saraf dan ginjal.

Baca Juga: Tips Mengatasi Sulit Tidur bagi Pengidap Diabetes

 

Makanan yang Memiliki Indeks Glikemik Rendah

Meskipun Indeks glikemik merupakan parameter yang berguna untuk menentukan dampak makanan terhadap gula darah, namun indeks glikemik tidak memperhitungkan faktor penting lainnya seperti porsi makanan dan cara pengolahan makanan yang juga memengaruhi kadar gula darah.

Misalnya, meski roti tawar memiliki indeks glikemik tinggi, namun jika dikonsumsi dengan isi sayuran berserat tinggi, hal ini juga dapat mengurangi dampak roti terhadap gula darah. Untuk itu, dalam mengonsumsi makanan, Anda juga perlu mempertimbangkan cara pengolahan makanan yang aman bagi pengidap diabetes. 

Beberapa makanan dengan indeks glikemik rendah antara lain:

  • Roti: pilih roti yang terbuat dari gandum utuh, multigrain, gandum hitam, sourdough
  • Sereal: sereal steel cut oat, yaitu gandum yang dibelah dan tidak digiling 
  • Buah: apel, stroberi, aprikot, persik, plum, pir, kiwi, tomat, dan lain-lain
  • Sayuran: wortel, brokoli, kembang kol, seledri, zukini, dan lain-lain
  • Sayuran bertepung: ubi jalar, jagung, labu 
  • Kacang-kacangan: lentil, buncis, kacang merah, dan lain-lain
  • Pasta dan mi: pasta, mi soba, mi bihun, bihun beras
  • Beras: beras basmati, Doongara, gandum panjang, dan beras merah
  • Biji-bijian: quinoa, barley, pearl couscous, buckwheat, semolina
  • Produk susu dan pengganti susu: susu, keju, yoghurt, santan, susu kedelai, susu almon

Baca Juga: Mengapa Pengidap Diabetes Sering Haus?

Selain makanan di atas, Anda juga dapat memilih makanan yang tidak mengandung karbohidrat sama sekali seperti berikut:

  • Ikan dan makanan laut: salmon, tuna, udang
  • Produk hewani lainnya: daging sapi, ayam, babi, domba, dan telur
  • Kacang-kacangan: kacang almon, kacang mete, pistachio, kenari, dan kacang macadamia
  • Lemak dan minyak: minyak zaitun, mentega, dan alpukat
  • Rempah-rempah: bawang putih, kemangi, adas, garam, dan merica

Perlu diingat bahwa cara mengolah makanan juga dapat memengaruhi indeks glikemik sebuah makanan. Bagi pengidap diabetes sebaiknya hindari makanan yang digoreng karena makanan yang digoreng lebih mudah menaikkan kadar gula darah.

Begitu juga dengan kombinasi makanan yang dikonsumsi. Kombinasikan asupan karbohidrat dengan makanan berserat seperti sayuran untuk memperlambat laju gula darah dalam tubuh. 

 

Jika Anda memiliki pertanyaan seputar pilihan makanan yang tepat untuk pengidap diabetes sebaiknya konsultasikan ke dokter atau ahli gizi. Anda juga bisa memanfaatkan fitur konsultasi pada aplikasi Ai Care yang bisa diunduh melalui App Store atau Play Store.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar nutrisi, makanan dan tips diet lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Jumat, 27 September 2024 | 11:45

Coyle, D. (2023). A Beginner’s Guide to the Low Glycemic Diet. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/low-glycemic-diet

Kubala, J. (2023). 5 Foods That Have a Low Glycemic Index. Available from: https://www.health.com/low-glycemic-index-foods-8363965

WebMD Editorial Contributor. (2023). What Are Low Glycemic Foods?. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/diet/what-are-low-glycemic-foods

Diabetes UK. Glycaemic Index and Diabetes. Available from: https://www.diabetes.org.uk/guide-to-diabetes/enjoy-food/carbohydrates-and-diabetes/glycaemic-index-and-diabetes

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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