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  • Mengenal Post-Polio Syndrome, Gejala Mirip Polio Setelah Terinfeksi Polio

Mengenal Post-Polio Syndrome, Gejala Mirip Polio Setelah Terinfeksi Polio

Mengenal Post-Polio Syndrome, Gejala Mirip Polio Setelah Terinfeksi Polio
Credit: Freepik. Polio dapat menyebabkan post-polio syndrome.

Bagikan :


Kasus penyakit polio selama beberapa dekade terakhir terus mengalami penurunan di berbagai wilayah dunia. Namun belakangan, penyakit yang menginfeksi sistem saraf ini kembali ditemukan di beberapa negara.

Di masa lalu, wabah penyakit polio dapat menyebabkan kelumpuhan hingga kematian bagi penderitanya. Namun sejak ditemukannya vaksin polio, kasus polio dapat menurun drastis.

Meskipun demikian, masyarakat tetap perlu waspada dengan penyakit polio, terlebih karena penyakit ini dapat menyebabkan post-polio syndrome, yaitu munculnya sekumpulan gejala masalah saraf setelah seseorang terinfeksi polio.

 

Apa Itu Post-Polio Syndrome?

Post-polio syndrome adalah sekumpulan gejala yang berpotensi melumpuhkan karena pernah terinfeksi polio. Biasanya gejala ini baru muncul setelah 30-40 tahun menderita polio.

Polio adalah penyakit infeksi saraf yang menyebabkan kelumpuhan dan kematian. Sejak ditemukannya vaksin, kasus polio yang sempat mewabah kini dapat lebih terkendali. Namun penyintas polio tetap perlu waspada karena berisiko mengalami post-polio syndrome.

Baca Juga: Healthpedia - Polio

 

Gejala Post-Polio Syndrome

Dilansir dari Mayo Clinic, penyebab post-polio syndrome masih belum dapat diketahui. Ada beberapa teori yang mendukung penyebab post-polio syndrome namun para ahli belum dapat menentukan penyebab pasti dari sindrom ini.

Sindrom post-polio diduga disebabkan oleh kerusakan pada sistem saraf akibat infeksi virus polio. Ketika virus polio menginfeksi tubuh, virus ini memengaruhi sel saraf yang mengantarkan pesan dari otak ke otot. Virus inilah yang memengaruhi cara kerja saraf di saraf tulang belakang.

Infeksi polio sering kali merusak banyak neuron motorik sehingga neuron yang tersisa menumbuhkan serat baru dan tumbuh lebih besar. Kondisi ini mendorong pemulihan penggunaan otot, namun dapat menekan tubuh sel saraf untuk memelihara serat tambahan.

Ketika proses ini terjadi bertahun-tahun, tekanan pada saraf ini semakin berat sehingga secara perlahan menyebabkan kerusakan pada serat saraf yang tumbuh dan pada neuron itu sendiri.

Gejala post-polio syndrome hanya muncul pada orang yang pernah terinfeksi polio. Beberapa tanda dan gejala seseorang mengalami post-polio syndrome antara lain:

  • Kelemahan atau nyeri otot dan sendi yang semakin memburuk dari waktu ke waktu
  • Merasa mudah lelah
  • Kehilangan jaringan otot (atrofi)
  • Masalah pernapasan atau menelan
  • Gangguan pernapasan terkait tidur, seperti sleep apnea
  • Penurunan toleransi suhu dingin

Beberapa faktor risiko Anda terkena post-polio syndrome antara lain:

Keparahan saat terkena polio. Semakin parah infeksi awal polio yang Anda alami, risiko Anda terkena sindrom post-polio akan semakin tinggi.

Usia saat terkena polio. Jika Anda terkena polio di masa remaja atau dewasa, risiko terkena post-polio syndrome akan semakin tinggi jika Anda mengidap polio di masa anak-anak.

Masa penyembuhan. Semakin baik pemulihan polio akut yang Anda alami, semakin besar kemungkinan Anda mengalami sindrom post-polio. Hal ini dapat disebabkan oleh adanya tekanan lebih besar pada neuron motorik di masa pemulihan.

Aktivitas fisik yang terlalu berat. Jika aktivitas harian Anda terlalu berlebihan, neuron motorik di tubuh Anda kemungkinan mengalami tekanan lebih banyak dan dapat meningkatkan risiko terkena sindrom post-polio.

Baca Juga: Seperti Inilah Gejala Penyakit Polio 

 

Penanganan Post-Polio Syndrome

Penanganan post-polio syndrome disesuaikan dengan keluhan yang dialami pasien. Penanganan sindrom ini difokuskan untuk membuat pasien nyaman beraktivitas sehari-hari. Beberapa penanganan yang bisa dilakukan antara lain terapi fisik, terapi bicara, penanganan gangguan tidur hingga obat-obatan untuk meredakan nyeri.

Post-polio syndrome juga dapat memengaruhi kerja otot gerak Anda. Dokter dapat merekomendasikan penggunaan alat gerak seperti tongkat, alat bantu jalan, kursi roda agar Anda dapat menghemat energi dan memudahkan aktivitas harian.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Jumat, 14 April 2023 | 04:30

Mayo Clinic. Post-Polio Syndrome. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/post-polio-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20355669#

Johnson, S. (2018). Polio. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/poliomyelitis

Cleveland Clinic. Polio. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15655-polio

Mayo Clinic. Polio. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/polio/symptoms-causes/syc-20376512

 

Chritsiansen. S. (2020). What Is Polio?. Available from: https://www.verywellhealth.com/important-facts-about-polio-4588579

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      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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