Kenali Keloid dan Cara Mencegah Pertumbuhannya

Kenali Keloid dan Cara Mencegah Pertumbuhannya

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Ketika kulit terluka, terjadi proses penyembuhan dan akan muncul jaringan parut di atasnya untuk memperbaiki atau melindungi kulit dari cedera. Namun, pada beberapa orang, pertumbuhan jaringan ini justru terlihat seperti jaringan baru yang mengeras dan cenderung lebih besar dari luka yang sebenarnya. Hal ini disebut dengan keloid, penyembuhan luka yang tidak normal sebagai respon terhadap luka atau peradangan pada kulit. Keloid terjadi karena kombinasi faktor genetik dan faktor lingkungan.

Gambaran keloid

Walaupun tidak berbahaya, namun keloid akan mengurangi estetika kulit. Keloid tidak tumbuh seketika, dan biasanya membutuhkan waktu beberapa minggu minggu hingga berbulan-bulan untuk tumbuh, bahkan ada yang muncul 1 tahun setelah luka. Keloid bisa muncul di mana saja, namun paling sering tumbuh di dada, punggung atas, telinga, dan bahu.

Walaupun keloid bersifat jinak, kadang dapat muncul keluhan pada keloid, seperti gatal, nyeri, atau rasa terbakar. Dilansir Healthline, berikut adalah tanda-tanda yang dapat diamati pada keloid:

  • Area kulit berwarna merah muda, atau merah yang muncul di sekitar luka
  • Ada gumpalan yang muncul dari balik kulit di sekitar luka
  • Jaringan parut yang muncul lebih besar dari luka
  • Rasa gatal pada sekitar luka

Beberapa luka berikut berisiko tumbuh sebagai keloid:

  • Bekas jerawat
  • Bekas luka bakar
  • Bekas cacar air
  • Bekas tindik di telinga
  • Goresan di kulit
  • Bekas sayatan pisau bedah
  • Bekas injeksi vaksinasi

Cara mencegah pertumbuhan keloid

Keloid sulit sekali diobati dan dihilangkan dengan obat. Terapi yang tidak lengkap bisa membuat keloid menjadi semakin parah. Penting untuk meminimalisir tegangan pada luka untuk mengurangi risiko tumbuhnya keloid. Dilansir Mayo Clinic dan NCBI berikut, ada hal-hal yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasi keloid yang sudah ada:

Membalut luka

Untuk keloid yang beru saja terbentuk, Anda bisa mencegah pertumbuhannya dengan terapi kompresi dengan balutan luka, bisa memakai kain yang elastis. Tujuannya adalah untuk memberi tekanan pada luka selama proses penyembuhan. Agar hasilnya efektif, Anda bisa mengganti perban satu atau dua kali sehari dan digunakan selama 4-6 bulan. Sayangnya cara ini akan sedikit membuat Anda tidak nyaman dan cukup merepotkan karena harus memakai perban selama 4-6 bulan.

Kortikosteroid

Kortikosteroid injeksi dianggap sebagai terapi pertama untuk luka keloid, biasanya dikombinasikan dengan terapi lain. Mungkin perlu injeksi setiap 4-6 minggu bila diperlukan. Saat luka mulai mengering biasanya luka akan terasa gatal, krim kortikosteroid akan membantu mengurangi gejala gatal dan rasa terbakar.

Cyrotherapy

Keloid yang berukuran kecil bisa dikecilkan atau diangkat dengan membekukannya menggunakan nitrogen. Terapi ini juga biasanya dilakukan berulang. Prosedur ini dapat menimbulkan efek samping berupa luka bernanah, nyeri atau kehilangan warna kulit di area bekas luka, jadi kurang disarankan pada penderita dengan warna kulit yang gelap.

Perawatan laser

Keloid berukuran besar dapat dikurangi ukurannya dengan perawatan laser. Metode ini biasanya dapat memudarkan keloid dan mengatasi keluhan gatal.

Pembedahan

Jika keloid tidak dapat diatasi dengan cara di atas maka dokter mungkin akan menawarkan prosedur pembedahan. Namun, karena ada risiko kambuh 45-100% pada prosedur ini, biasanya pembedahan akan disertai dengan terapi radiasi atau dengan injeksi kortikosteroid pada keloid.

Terapi radiasi

Radiasi sinar X dosis rendah dapat mengecilkan jaringan parut keloid. Paling baik dilakukan sebagai terapi tambahan 24-28 jam setelah prosedur pembedahan. Namun, perlu hati-hati pada pasien yang berusia kurang dari 18 tahun atau bila lokasi keloid di leher, kepala, dan dada, karena dapat meningkatkan risiko kanker kulit.

Cara mencegah munculnya keloid

Agar kulit di sekitar bekas luka tidak tumbuh menjadi keloid, ada beberapa cara ampuh untuk mencegahnya:

  • Rawat luka dengan baik dan jaga kelembabannya dengan petroleum jelly
  • Lindungi melakukan hal yang dapat melukai kulit seperti body piercing, tattoo, tergores, terpotong, dan lain sebagainya
Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Senin, 17 April 2023 | 01:27

Nall R (2019). Everything You Need to Know About Keloid Scars. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/keloids

Mayo Clinic Staff (2021). Keloid scar. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/keloid-scar/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20520902

McGinty S, Siddiqui W (2021). Keloid. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507899/

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      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.89msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3683 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.93msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 756 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#11aicare_prod_new1.12msselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 4 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 6556
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.02msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6492 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6492
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.34msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9748 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9748
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.64msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2055 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2055
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.62msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2043 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2043
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
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    App\User
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    App\Models\Admin\Page
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