Waspada Penyebab Memar Tanpa Sebab di Kaki

Waspada Penyebab Memar Tanpa Sebab di Kaki
Ilustrasi memar. Credit: Freepik

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Memar biasanya muncul setelah permukaan kulit mengalami cedera atau benturan. Pada kasus tertentu, memar dapat muncul di kaki tanpa diketahui penyebabnya. Artikel berikut membahas faktor risiko munculnya memar tiba-tiba di kaki dan kapan harus periksa ke dokter jika Anda mengalami gangguan tersebut. 

 

Penyebab Munculnya Memar Tiba-Tiba di Kaki

Memar adalah kondisi kerusakan pembuluh darah yang berada di bawah kulit sehingga menyebabkan perubahan warna pada kulit. Memar umumnya ditandai dengan warna merah atau biru keunguan di permukaan kulit. Adanya memar secara tiba-tiba di kaki dapat dialami anak-anak dan dewasa, dengan kondisi bervariasi, dari ringan hingga serius. 

Umumnya memar disebabkan oleh cedera. Namun jika memar muncul secara tiba-tiba dan Anda tidak ingat bagaimana memar tersebut didapatkan, hal ini bisa mengindikasikan masalah kesehatan lainnya. 

Beberapa penyebab dan faktor risiko munculnya memar tiba-tiba di kaki antara lain:

Riwayat keluarga

Sebuah penelitian lama mengungkapkan jika dalam keluarga terdapat riwayat sering memar, maka Anda mungkin rentan mengalami memar. Kondisi ini juga berkaitan dengan kelainan pendarahan yang dapat diwariskan pada garis keturunan. 

Usia

Seiring bertambahnya usia, seseorang menjadi lebih rentan terhadap memar karena penipisan kulit. Akibatnya, benturan kecil dapat menyebabkan memar. Pada orang dewasa, memar mungkin memerlukan waktu lebih lama untuk sembuh.

Baca Juga: Mirip Seperti Memar, Apakah Sebenarnya Purpura?

Kekurangan vitamin

Kekurangan vitamin seperti vitamin C dan K bisa menyebabkan seseorang rentan mengalami memar. Kekurangan vitamin C dapat membuat  dinding pembuluh darah melemah dan mudah pecah, sehingga dapat memicu munculnya memar. 

Sedangkan, kekurangan vitamin K menyebabkan darah tidak membeku secara efisien sehingga muncul memar. Kondisi kekurangan vitamin K dapat dialami siapa saja, namun hal ini banyak dialami bayi karena kandungan vitamin K dalam ASI sangat sedikit. 

Penyakit hati

Kerusakan pada organ hati memengaruhi kemampuan tubuh untuk menggumpalkan darah dan menghentikan perdarahan. Orang dengan kerusakan hati seperti sirosis cenderung lebih mudah berdarah atau memar.

Kondisi autoimun

Beberapa kondisi autoimun seperti artritis reumatoid dan lupus dapat menyebabkan kemunculan memar yang tidak dapat dijelaskan. Penggunaan obat-obatan tertentu yang membantu mengatasi rematik seperti kortikosteroid juga dapat menyebabkan timbulnya memar. 

Trombositopenia

Trombositopenia adalah suatu kondisi dimana trombosit darah berada di bawah normal. Kekurangan trombosit menyebabkan darah sulit membeku dengan normal dan dapat meningkatkan risiko perdarahan serius. Beberpa kondisi yang dapat menyebabkan trombositopenia antara lain penggunaan obat-obatan, infeksi virus, kehamilan, dan konsumsi alkohol berlebihan. 

Baca Juga: Mengapa Sering Tiba-Tiba Muncul Memar di Tubuh?

Gangguan pembekuan darah dan kelainan perdarahan yang langka

Orang dengan kelainan pendarahan tertentu berisiko mengalami memar lebih sering. Beberapa kelainan seperti kekurangan faktor V, sindrom Bernard-Soulier, dan hemofilia dapat mengalami memar tiba-tiba. Selain memar, gejala yang dapat muncul adalah mimisan, gusi berdarah, menstruasi berat, dan luka yang sulit sembuh.

Kanker

Beberapa jenis kanker seperti leukemia atau multiple myeloma dapat menyebabkan memar secara tiba-tiba. Memar dapat muncul di kaki, punggung, dan tangan.

 

Kapan Harus Periksa ke Dokter?

Memar yang disebabkan oleh cedera umumnya akan pulih dengan sendirinya dalam beberapa hari. Untuk meredakan memar, Anda bisa mengangkat kaki atau area yang memar lebih tinggi dari jantung. Tempelkan kompres dingin selama 20 menit selama 1-2 hari setelah cedera hingga memar memudar. 

Sebaiknya Anda memeriksakan ke dokter jika memar mengalami tanda-tanda berikut:

  • Memar yang besar dan terjadi terus-menerus tanpa alasan
  • Memar tidak membaik dalam 1-2 minggu
  • Memar muncul setelah mengonsumsi obat-obatan tertentu
  • Memar selalu muncul di area yang sama
  • Memar parah terjadi setelah benturan atau cedera kecil

 

Jika memiliki pertanyaan seputar kesehatan, Anda bisa berkonsultasi ke dokter atau manfaatkan fitur konsultasi pada aplikasi Ai Care yang bisa diunduh melalui App Store atau Play Store. 

 

Mau tahu tips dan trik kesehatan, pertolongan pertama, dan home remedies lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Senin, 28 Oktober 2024 | 12:22

Coelho, S. (2024). What causes unexplained bruising on the legs?. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/unexplained-bruising-on-legs

Seladi-Schulman, J. (2023). Unexplained Bruising on Legs: What You Need to Know. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/skin/unexplained-bruising-on-legs

King, L. (2024). Bruises. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/bruises-article

Cleveland Clinic, (2024). What To Do if Your Bruise Won’t Go Away. Available from:  https://health.clevelandclinic.org/bruise-that-wont-go-away

Mayo Clinic. Bruise: First Aid. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-bruise/basics/art-20056663

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      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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