Sirosis Hepatis

Sirosis Hepatis

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Definisi

Sirosis adalah tahap akhir pembentukan jaringan parut atau fibrosis hati yang disebabkan oleh berbagai jenis penyakit dan kondisi hati, seperti hepatitis dan alkoholisme kronis (jangka panjang). Setiap kali hati mengalami luka, baik karena penyakit, konsumsi alkohol berlebih, atau penyebab lain, sel-sel hati mencoba memperbaiki dirinya sendiri. Dalam proses memperbaiki diri tersebut, jaringan parut akan terbentuk. Dengan semakin banyaknya jaringan parut, fungsi sel hati menjadi terganggu. Sirosis tahap lanjut dapat mengancam jiwa.

Kerusakan hati yang disebabkan oleh sirosis umumnya tidak dapat diperbaiki. Namun jika sirosis hati didiagnosis lebih awal dan diobati penyebabnya, kerusakan lebih lanjut dapat diminimalisasi. 

 

Penyebab

Berbagai macam penyakit dan kondisi dapat merusak hati dan menyebabkan sirosis. Beberapa penyebab sirosis meliputi:

  • Penyalahgunaan alkohol kronis
  • Hepatitis virus kronis (hepatitis B, C dan D)
  • Penumpukan lemak di hati pada penyakit hati berlemak non alkohol
  • Penumpukan zat besi dalam tubuh (hemokromatosis)
  • Fibrosis kistik
  • Akumulasi tembaga di hati pada penyakit Wilson
  • Atresia bilier atau saluran empedu tidak terbentuk dengan baik
  • Kekurangan protein antitripsin alfa-1
  • Gangguan metabolisme gula yang diturunkan seperti galaktosemia dan penyakit penyimpanan glikogen
  • Gangguan pencernaan genetik seperti sindrom Alagille
  • Penyakit hati yang disebabkan oleh gangguan sistem imun seperti hepatitis autoimun
  • Kerusakan saluran empedu (sirosis bilier primer)
  • Pengerasan dan pembentukan jaringan parut pada saluran empedu
  • Infeksi, seperti sifilis atau brucellosis
  • Obat-obatan, termasuk metotreksat atau isoniazid

 

Faktor Risiko

Faktor risiko sirosis hepatis antara lain:

  • Konsumsi alkohol berlebihan
  • Kelebihan berat badan. Kegemukan akan meningkatkan risiko gangguan kesehatan yang dapat menyebabkan sirosis, seperti penyakit hati berlemak non alkohol
  • Menderita hepatitis virus kronis

 

Gejala

Sirosis sering tidak memiliki tanda atau gejala di awal sampai kerusakan hati semakin luas. Tanda dan gejala sirosis hati antara lain:

  • Kelelahan
  • Mudah berdarah atau memar
  • Kehilangan nafsu makan
  • Mual
  • Pembengkakan di kaki atau pergelangan kaki
  • Penurunan berat badan
  • Kulit gatal
  • Perubahan warna kuning pada kulit dan mata (jaundice)
  • Penumpukan cairan di perut (asites)
  • Pembuluh darah di kulit tampak seperti laba-laba (spider nevi)
  • Kemerahan di telapak tangan
  • Pada wanita, siklus menstruasi terhenti atau terganggu yang tidak berhubungan dengan menopause
  • Pada pria, dapat mengalami kehilangan gairah seks, pembesaran payudara (ginekomastia), atau atrofi testis (testis mengecil)
  • Kebingungan, mengantuk, dan bicara tidak jelas atau cadel jika sudah mengalami komplikasi gangguan otak (ensefalopati hepatik)

 

Diagnosis

Orang dengan sirosis hati stadium awal biasanya tidak bergejala. Seringnya, sirosis pertama kali diketahui melalui tes atau pemeriksaan darah rutin. Untuk memastikan diagnosis, dokter dapat menyarankan satu atau lebih pemeriksaan berikut:

  • Tes laboratorium, untuk mendiagnosis penyebab dan keparahan sirosis. Yang diperiksa adalah tanda kerusakan hati, seperti peningkatan bilirubin atau enzim tertentu. Menilai fungsi ginjal melalui kadar kreatinin darah. Akan dilakukan juga skrining infeksi virus hepatitis dan uji kemampuan pembekuan darah
  • Tes pencitraan. Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) dapat direkomendasikan untuk mendeteksi pengerasan hati. Tes pencitraan lain seperti MRI, CT scan, dan USG juga dapat dilakukan
  • Biopsi. Sampel jaringan (biopsi) tidak selalu diperlukan untuk diagnosis. Namun, dokter dapat menggunakannya untuk mengetahui tingkat keparahan dan penyebab kerusakan hati

Jika Anda menderita sirosis, dokter akan merekomendasikan tes diagnostik rutin untuk memantau tanda-tanda perkembangan penyakit atau komplikasi, terutama varises esofagus (pelebaran pembuluh darah kerongkongan) dan kanker hati.

 

Tata laksana

Pengobatan sirosis bergantung pada penyebab dan tingkat kerusakan hati yang terjadi. Tujuan pengobatan adalah untuk memperlambat perkembangan jaringan parut di hati serta mencegah dan mengobati gejala atau komplikasi. Anda mungkin perlu dirawat di rumah sakit jika mengalami kerusakan hati yang parah.

 

Pengobatan bagi penyebab sirosis

Pada sirosis tahap awal, kerusakan hati dapat diminimalisasi dengan mengobati penyebab yang mendasari. Pilihan pengobatannya meliputi:

  • Terapi ketergantungan alkohol untuk orang dengan sirosis yang disebabkan oleh penggunaan alkohol berlebihan
  • Penurunan berat badan dan kontrol kadar gula darah untuk orang dengan sirosis yang disebabkan oleh penyakit hati berlemak non alkohol
  • Obat untuk menyembuhkan hepatitis bagi orang dengan sirosis yang disebabkan oleh hepatitis
  • Obat-obatan untuk mengendalikan penyebab dan gejala sirosis lainnya. Misalnya, untuk orang dengan sirosis bilier primer yang didiagnosis lebih awal, pengobatan dapat secara signifikan menunda perkembangannya menjadi sirosis.

Obat-obatan lainnya adalah untuk meredakan gejala seperti gatal, kelelahan, dan nyeri. Suplemen nutrisi dapat diresepkan untuk mengatasi ketidakseimbangan nutrisi yang terkait dengan sirosis dan mencegah pengeroposan tulang atau osteoporosis.

 

Pengobatan untuk komplikasi sirosis

Beberapa pengobatan komplikasi sirosis adalah:

  • Kelebihan cairan dalam tubuh berupa pembengkakan atau asites, dapat diatasi dengan diet rendah garam dan menggunakan obat-obatan untuk mencegah penumpukan cairan dalam tubuh. Penumpukan cairan yang lebih parah mungkin memerlukan prosedur mengeluarkan cairan atau pembedahan untuk mengurangi tekanan
  • Hipertensi portal atau peningkatan tekanan darah pada pembuluh vena hati. Obat tekanan darah tertentu dapat mengontrol komplikasi ini dan mencegah pendarahan. Dokter akan melakukan endoskopi saluran cerna atas secara rutin untuk mencari pembesaran varises di kerongkongan atau perut yang mungkin berdarah.
  • Jika mengalami varises, Anda memerlukan obat untuk mengurangi risiko pendarahan. Jika terdapat tanda perdarahan varises atau kecenderungan terjadinya perdarahan, Anda memerlukan prosedur ligasi, yaitu mengikat pembuluh darah yang pecah untuk menghentikan perdarahan atau mengurangi risiko perdarahan lebih lanjut. Pada kasus yang parah, Anda mungkin memerlukan jalur pembuluh darah buatan untuk mengurangi tekanan darah di hati Anda
  • Infeksi. Dapat diatasi dengan antibiotik atau pengobatan infeksi lainnya. Dokter juga dapat merekomendasikan vaksinasi influenza, pneumonia, dan hepatitis
  • Peningkatan risiko kanker hati. Dokter akan merekomendasikan tes darah dan USG berkala untuk mencari tanda-tanda kanker hati
  • Ensefalopati hepatik, yaitu gangguan otak akibat penumpukan racun dalam darah yang tidak dapat didetoksifikasi oleh hati. Diatasi dengan obat untuk mengurangi penumpukan racun dalam darah.

 

Operasi transplantasi hati

Pada kasus sirosis tahap lanjut, hati dapat berhenti berfungsi. Saat ini terjadi, transplantasi hati mungkin menjadi satu-satunya pilihan pengobatan. Transplantasi hati adalah prosedur penggantian sebagian atau keseluruhan organ hati yang rusak dengan hati yang sehat dari donor.

Sirosis adalah salah satu penyebab transplantasi hati yang paling sering. Kandidat transplantasi hati akan akan diperiksa terlebih dahulu apakah kondisi mereka dapat menerima donor dan mendapatkan hasil yang baik setelah operasi.

 

Gaya hidup dan pengobatan rumahan

Jika Anda menderita sirosis, lakukan langkah-langkah berikut untuk meminimalisasi kerusakan sel hati Anda:

  • Jangan minum alkohol. Meski sirosis Anda bukan disebabkan oleh alkohol, tetap hindari alkohol. Alkohol dalam jumlah berapapun bersifat racun bagi sel hati
  • Makan makanan rendah garam. Kelebihan garam akan menyebabkan tubuh menahan cairan sehingga memperburuk pembengkakan di perut dan kaki
  • Makan makanan sehat. Penderita sirosis sering mengalami ketidakseimbangan nutrisi. Atasi hal ini dengan diet gizi seimbang serta perbanyak buah dan sayur. Pilih protein tanpa lemak, seperti kacang polong, unggas, atau ikan. Hindari makanan laut mentah
  • Cegah infeksi. Sirosis membuat Anda lebih sulit melawan infeksi. Lindungi diri dengan sering mencuci tangan dan menghindari orang yang sedang sakit. Lakukan vaksinasi hepatitis A dan B, influenza, serta pneumonia untuk mencegah infeksi
  • Gunakan obat bebas dengan hati-hati. Sirosis membuat hati lebih sulit memproses obat. Selalu konsultasi dengan dokter sebelum minum obat apa pun

 

Komplikasi

Komplikasi sirosis meliputi:

  • Hipertensi portal, yaitu peningkatan tekanan darah pembuluh vena yang menyuplai hati.
  • Bengkak pada kaki dan perut. Peningkatan tekanan di pembuluh vena portal menyebabkan penumpukan cairan di kaki (edema) dan di perut (asites). Edema dan asites juga dapat terjadi akibat penurunan kemampuan hati memproduksi protein darah tertentu, seperti albumin
  • Pembesaran limpa (splenomegali). Hipertensi portal juga dapat menyebabkan pembengkakan limpa yang diikuti gangguan produksi sel darah putih dan trombosit. Penurunan sel darah putih dan trombosit dalam darah dapat menjadi salah satu tanda sirosis
  • Perdarahan. Hipertensi portal menyebabkan darah dialihkan ke vena yang lebih kecil. Dengan tekanan darah yang meningkat, pembuluh darah yang lebih kecil bisa pecah dan menimbulkan perdarahan serius. Varises esofagus maupun varises lambung yang terbentuk pada orang sirosis juga dapat menyebabkan perdarahan yang mengancam jiwa. Jika hati tidak mampu membuat faktor pembekuan yang cukup, hal ini akan menimbulkan perdarahan yang berkelanjutan
  • Infeksi. Jika Anda menderita sirosis, tubuh mengalami kesulitan melawan infeksi. Asites dapat menyebabkan peritonitis bakteri, yaitu infeksi serius pada lapisan dinding perut
  • Malnutrisi. Sirosis mempersulit tubuh dalam memproses nutrisi, sehingga menyebabkan kelemahan dan penurunan berat badan
  • Penumpukan racun di otak (ensefalopati hepatik). Hati yang rusak tidak mampu membersihkan racun di darah dengan baik. Racun kemudian menumpuk di otak dan menyebabkan kebingungan mental serta kesulitan konsentrasi. Seiring waktu, ensefalopati hepatik dapat berkembang menjadi kondisi koma
  • Penyakit kuning, terjadi ketika sel hati yang sakit tidak mampu membersihkan bilirubin dari darah sehingga kadarnya meningkat. Bilirubin adalah produk limbah darah yang berwarna kuning. Penyakit kuning menyebabkan kulit dan mata menguning serta urin menjadi gelap
  • Penyakit tulang. Beberapa orang dengan sirosis kehilangan kekuatan tulang dan memiliki risiko patah tulang yang lebih besar
  • Peningkatan risiko kanker hati. Sebagian besar orang dengan kanker hati memiliki riwayat sirosis sebelumnya

 

Pencegahan

Lakukan langkah-langkah pencegahan berikut untuk mencegah sirosis atau mengurangi kerusakan sel hati jika telah menderita penyakit hati:

  • Jangan minum alkohol jika memiliki penyakit hati, apalagi jika sudah menderita sirosis
  • Makan makanan sehat seperti buah-buahan, sayuran, biji-bijian, dan sumber protein tanpa lemak. Kurangi makanan berlemak dan gorengan
  • Jaga berat badan ideal
  • Kurangi risiko hepatitis. Menghindari berbagi jarum suntik dan berhubungan seks tanpa kondom dapat mengurangi risiko hepatitis B dan C. Lakukan juga vaksinasi hepatitis.

 

Kapan harus ke dokter?

Buat janji dengan dokter jika Anda memiliki salah satu tanda atau gejala sirosis seperti yang telah disebutkan di atas.

Writer : dr Aprilia Dwi Iriani
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Rabu, 22 Mei 2024 | 08:03

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Slivinski N. (2020). Cirrhosis and your liver. Retrieved 10 January 2022, from https://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/understanding-cirrhosis-basic-information

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Gines P, Krag A, and Abraldes JG. (2021). Liver cirrhosis. The Lancet. Volume 398, Issues 10308, P1359-1376. Doi https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01374-X

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • WebController.php#369aicare_prod_new15.57msselect `tags`.*, `post_tag`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `post_tag`.`tag_id` as `pivot_tag_id`, `post_tag`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `post_tag`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `tags` inner join `post_tag` on `tags`.`id` = `post_tag`.`tag_id` where `post_tag`.`post_id` = 2352
      Bindings
      • 0: 2352
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:369
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • WebController.php#1386aicare_prod_new13.61msselect `posts`.*, `post_tag`.`tag_id` as `pivot_tag_id`, `post_tag`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id` from `posts` inner join `post_tag` on `posts`.`id` = `post_tag`.`post_id` where `post_tag`.`tag_id` = 532 and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 532
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:1386
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:372
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • WebController.php#1386aicare_prod_new12.82msselect `posts`.*, `post_tag`.`tag_id` as `pivot_tag_id`, `post_tag`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id` from `posts` inner join `post_tag` on `posts`.`id` = `post_tag`.`post_id` where `post_tag`.`tag_id` = 701 and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 701
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:1386
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:372
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • WebController.php#1386aicare_prod_new12.56msselect `posts`.*, `post_tag`.`tag_id` as `pivot_tag_id`, `post_tag`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id` from `posts` inner join `post_tag` on `posts`.`id` = `post_tag`.`post_id` where `post_tag`.`tag_id` = 1080 and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1080
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:1386
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:372
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • CategoryHealtTopics.php#11aicare_prod_new920μsselect * from `categories` where (`slug` != 'penyakit-a-z' and `slug` != 'obat-a-z' and `slug` != 'pemeriksaan-a-z' and `parent_id` = '0') and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null order by `order` asc
      Bindings
      • 0: penyakit-a-z
      • 1: obat-a-z
      • 2: pemeriksaan-a-z
      • 3: 0
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The != operator is not standard. Use the <> operator to test for inequality instead.
      Backtrace
      • app/Repositories/Categories/CategoryHealtTopics.php:11
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:376
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • WebController.php#377aicare_prod_new129msselect * from `posts` where `status` = 1 and `publish_date` <= '2025-04-06 15:24:33' and `content_type` = 'article' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null order by RAND() limit 7
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: 2025-04-06 15:24:33
      • 2: article
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • ORDER BY RAND() is slow, try to avoid if you can. You can read this or this
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:377
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • WebController.php#391aicare_prod_new14.77msupdate `posts` set `views_count` = 861 where `id` = 2352
      Bindings
      • 0: 861
      • 1: 2352
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • ActivityLogger.php#174aicare_prod_new14.05msinsert into `activity_log` (`log_name`, `properties`, `batch_uuid`, `event`, `subject_id`, `subject_type`, `description`, `updated_at`, `created_at`) values ('default', '[]', null, 'updated', 2352, 'App\\Models\\Admin\\Post', 'updated', '2025-04-06 15:24:34', '2025-04-06 15:24:34')
      Bindings
      • 0: default
      • 1: []
      • 2: 
      • 3: updated
      • 4: 2352
      • 5: App\Models\Admin\Post
      • 6: updated
      • 7: 2025-04-06 15:24:34
      • 8: 2025-04-06 15:24:34
      Backtrace
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/ActivityLogger.php:174
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/Traits/LogsActivity.php:88
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:391
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • single-post-healthpedia.blade.php#37aicare_prod_new900μsselect * from `users` where `users`.`id` = 27 limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 27
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.single-post-healthpedia:37
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.1msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6723 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6723
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.04msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9205 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9205
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.94msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7398 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7398
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.2msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7326 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7326
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.19msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6089 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6089
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.62msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3723 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3723
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.56msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1616 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1616
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.61msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2495 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2495
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.42msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2494 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2494
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.87msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4062 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4062
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.48msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2452 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2452
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.46msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5143 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5143
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#122aicare_prod_new870μsselect * from `pages` where `slug` = 'about-us' limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: about-us
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#547aicare_prod_new750μsselect * from `faqs` limit 1
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#551aicare_prod_new1.06msselect * from `term_policies`
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
    81Post.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Category
    22Category.php#?
    App\User
    4User.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Tag
    3Tag.php#?
    App\Models\TermPolicy
    3TermPolicy.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Page
    1Page.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Faq
    1Faq.php#?
        locale
        id
        _token
        pHLNmaDtdhTmo4R3okh2tvYRrKCRbzMK4E7i2B21
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://ai-care.atmatech.id/healthpedia-penyakit/sirosis-hepatis" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        path_info
        /healthpedia-penyakit/sirosis-hepatis
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
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