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Ketahui Penyebab Hemoglobin (Hb) Rendah dan Cara Mengatasinya

Ketahui Penyebab Hemoglobin (Hb) Rendah dan Cara Mengatasinya
Credit: Freepik. Untuk mengetahui kadar hemoglobin rendah perlu dilakukan pemeriksaan darah.

Bagikan :


Hemoglobin (Hb) adalah protein dalam sel darah merah yang berfungsi mengantarkan oksigen dari paru-paru ke seluruh tubuh. Jika kadar hemoglobin dalam tubuh berkurang maka hal ini dapat menyebabkan sejumlah masalah kesehatan, termasuk masalah jantung. Apa saja penyebab seseorang dapat mengalami kadar hemoglobin (Hb) rendah?

 

Penyebab Kadar Hemoglobin Rendah

Kadar hemoglobin normal bagi pria dan wanita tidaklah sama. Dilansir dari Verywell Health, kadar hemoglobin normal bagi pria berada di antara 13,2-16,6 g/dL sedangkan untuk wanita berada di kisaran 11,6-15 g/dL.

Seseorang dikatakan memiliki kadar Hb rendah jika memiliki kadar Hb di bawah angka tersebut. Namun, angka ini pun dapat berbeda-beda di setiap laboratorium.

Rendahnya angka hemoglobin bukanlah sebuah penyakit, melainkan suatu kondisi atau gejala yang sering dikaitkan dengan masalah kesehatan lainnya yang menyebabkan tubuh kekurangan sel darah merah. Biasanya hal ini disebabkan oleh:

  • Tubuh Anda menghasilkan sel darah merah lebih sedikit dari biasanya
  • Tubuh Anda menghancurkan sel darah merah lebih cepat daripada memproduksinya
  • Anda sedang kehilangan banyak darah

 

Ada beberapa kondisi yang menyebabkan tubuh kekurangan sel darah merah di antaranya:

  • Anda menerapkan pola makan diet rendah zat besi. Zat besi didapatkan dari makanan yang Anda makan, namun tidak semua zat besi dapat diserap oleh tubuh. Diet rendah zat besi dapat menyebabkan anemia defisiensi besi
  • Anda baru menjalani operasi organ pencernaan yang menyebabkan tubuh Anda kesulitan menyerap zat besi
  • Anda mengalami pendarahan menstruasi yang berat. Bagi wanita yang sedang menstruasi berat umumnya memiliki kadar Hb rendah yang ditandai dengan wajah pucat dan badan lemas
  • Terjadi pendarahan di saluran pencernaan akibat kanker usus besar atau tukak lambung
  • Terjadi pendarahan di saluran pencernaan akibat penggunaan aspirin atau obat antiinflamasi nonsteroid secara berlebihan
  • Anda sedang melakukan donor darah
  • Anda sedang hamil
  • Pada anak-anak yang sedang menjalani percepatan pertumbuhan juga dapat mengalami Hb rendah

Baca Juga: Obat Pengencer Darah: Cara Kerja, Jenis dan Efek Samping

 

Tanda-Tanda Kadar Hemoglobin Rendah

Untuk mengetahui kadar hemoglobin rendah perlu dilakukan pemeriksaan darah. Umumnya kadar hemoglobin rendah tidak menunjukkan gejala fisik yang khas. Namun kondisi ini dapat ditandai dengan gejala berikut:

  • Pegal-pegal
  • Kuku rapuh
  • Nyeri dada
  • Merasa pusing atau pingsan
  • Merasa lemah
  • Tangan dan kaki yang dingin
  • Detak jantung yang cepat
  • Lidah yang sakit atau bengkak
  • Sakit kepala
  • Sifat lekas marah
  • Kulit pucat
  • Sesak napas
  • Sulit berkonsentrasi
  • Sulit tidur

Jika Anda mengalami gejala di atas sebaiknya segera periksakan ke dokter. 

 

Bagaimana Menangani Kadar Hemoglobin Rendah?

Untuk mengatasi kadar hemoglobin rendah perlu dilihat dari penyebabnya. Jika kadar hemoglobin rendah disebabkan oleh kekurangan zat besi, maka dokter akan merekomendasikan pengaturan pola makan kaya zat besi atau memberikan suplemen zat besi.

Beberapa makanan yang direkomendasikan untuk meningkatkan jumlah sel darah merah di antaranya:

  • Daging merah dan hati
  • Ikan
  • Sayuran berawarna gelap seperti kale dan bayam
  • Lentil dan biji-bijian
  • Kacang-kacangan dan beri kering

Kadar hemoglobin rendah dapat terjadi pada siapa saja. Kondisi ini umumnya tidak berbahaya, namun jika kadar hemoglobin terlalu rendah, hal ini dapat memicu komplikasi yang menyebabkan kematian.

Apabila Anda sering mengalami kadar hemoglobin rendah sebaiknya periksakan ke dokter. Anda juga dapat memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi pada aplikasi Ai Care yang memanfaatkan teknologi kecerdasan buatan.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Kamis, 25 Mei 2023 | 06:09

Mayo Clinic. Low Hemoglobin Count. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/low-hemoglobin/basics/causes/sym-20050760

Cleveland Clinic. Low Hemoglobin. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/17705-low-hemoglobin

 

Caceres, V. (2022). Low Hemoglobin: Everything You Need to Know. Available from: https://www.verywellhealth.com/low-hemoglobin-5217077

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