Penyebab Batuk Berdahak Ringan Hingga Parah

Penyebab Batuk Berdahak Ringan Hingga Parah
Ilustrasi batuk berdahak. Credits: Freepik

Bagikan :


Semua orang pernah mengalami batuk. Batuk adalah respons alami tubuh untuk membersihkan saluran pernapasan dari benda asing, iritan, atau lendir berlebih.

Batuk dibagi menjadi dua jenis, batuk kering (tidak berdahak) dan juga batuk produktif (batuk berdahak). Dalam artikel kali ini, akan dibahas apa saja kondisi yang menyebabkan batuk berdahak. Beberapa penyebab batuk berdahak mungkin adalah kondisi yang serius dan membutuhkan perawatan medis.

 

Berbagai Kondisi yang Menyebabkan Batuk Berdahak

Pilek

Pilek dan batuk sering kali hadir secara bersamaan baik pada anak-anak maupun orang dewasa. Ini disebabkan oleh infeksi virus seperti rhinovirus, coronavirus, atau adenovirus. Biasanya batuk yang menyertai pilek akan sembuh dalam 7-10 hari. Istirahat yang cukup, mencukupi kebutuhan dan konsumsi obat batuk dan pilek yang dijual bebas dapat membantu meringankan gejalanya.

Flu

Influenza atau flu adalah infeksi virus yang sangat menular pada saluran pernapasan. Flu dapat memengaruhi segala usia, khususnya anak-anak, orang dewasa, atau orang dengan kondisi medis tertentu yang rentan terhadap infeksi.

Gejala umum flu meliputi demam, pilek, batuk, sakit tenggorokan, sakit kepala, nyeri otot, dan kelelahan. Pada beberapa kasus, flu yang parah bisa berkembang menjadi pneumonia dan bronkitis.

Baca Juga: Sedang Batuk? Simak Panduan Memilih Obat Batuk yang Tepat

Bronkitis akut

Bronkitis adalah peradangan di saluran pernapasan yang disebut bronkus. Peradangan ini dapat menyebabkan peningkatan produksi lendir sehingga batuk pada bronkitis akut biasanya diawali dengan batuk kering dan kemudian berkembang menjadi batuk berdahak.

Pneumonia

Pneumonia adalah peradangan pada organ paru. Pneumonia terjadi akibat infeksi oleh bakteri, virus, maupun jamur yang menyebabkan peradangan di salah satu atau kedua kantung udara (alveoli) paru-paru.

Ketika seseorang mengalami pneumonia, alveoli mungkin terisi cairan atau nanah, menyebabkan batuk berdahak, demam, menggigil, dan kesulitan bernapas. Batuk akibat pneumonia biasanya menghasilkan lendir yang berwarna kuning, hijau, cokelat atau terkadang mengandung darah.

Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronis (PPOK)

PPOK mencakup penyakit pada saluran pernapasan termasuk bronkitis kronis dan emfisema. Saat mengalami PPOK, saluran pernapasan Anda mungkin mengalami peradangan sehingga berhenti bekerja dengan normal. PPOK menyebabkan paru-paru memproduksi lendir berlebih dengan batuk yang tidak kunjung sembuh.

Baca Juga: 6 Jenis Batuk, Ketahui Perbedaannya

Fibrosis kistik

Fibrosis kistik adalah kondisi bawaan yang menyebabkan penumpukan lendir di paru-paru dan saluran pencernaan. Fibrosis kistik biasanya ditandai dengan batuk, mengi, jari tangan dan kaki membengkak, dan masalah pencernaan.

Bronkiekstasis

Bronkiekstasis adalah kondisi ketika saluran napas mengalami gangguan yang bersifat kronis sehingga menyebabkan penumpukan lendir. Adanya penumpukan lendir ini menyebabkan paru-paru menjadi lebih rentan terhadap infeksi.

 

Mengobati batuk tergantung pada penyebabnya. Anda bisa minum obat batuk yang dijual bebas dan mengikuti petunjuk dosis di kemasan. Namun, apabila batuk semakin memburuk atau tidak membaik, maka Anda perlu memeriksakan diri ke dokter untuk mendapatkan evaluasi lebih lanjut. Anda mungkin juga perlu menjalani pemeriksaan yang direkomendasikan oleh dokter untuk membantu diagnosis yang lebih tepat.

Memiliki pertanyaan lain terkait dengan batuk yang dialami? Anda bisa memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan dengan mengunduh aplikasi Ai Care melalui App Store atau Play Store.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Kamis, 4 Juli 2024 | 04:49

Keri Wiginton (2024). What Causes a Productive Cough?. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/lung/productive-cough-causes 

Cleveland Clinic (2022). Cough. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/17755-cough 

Health Direct (2023). Coughs and colds in children. Available from: https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/coughs-and-colds-in-children 

Better Health Channel. Influenza (flu). Available from: https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/flu-influenza 

John Hopkins Medicine. Acute Bronchitis. Available from: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/acute-bronchitis 

Mayo Clinic (2020). Pneumonia. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pneumonia/symptoms-causes/syc-20354204 

Cleveland Clinic (2022). Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8709-chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd 

NHS UK (2021). Cystic fibrosis. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/cystic-fibrosis/ 

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (2023). What Is Bronchiectasis?. Available from: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/bronchiectasis 

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.48msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8972 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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