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  • Mengenal Scrub Typhus, Penyakit Infeksi yang Dapat Menular melalui Kutu

Mengenal Scrub Typhus, Penyakit Infeksi yang Dapat Menular melalui Kutu

Mengenal Scrub Typhus, Penyakit Infeksi yang Dapat Menular melalui Kutu
Credit: Freepik. Salah satu gejala scrub typhus adalah demam dan menggigil.

Bagikan :


Typhus atau tifus adalah penyakit infeksi yang dapat ditularkan melalui gigitan kutu atau tungau yang terinfeksi bakteri. Salah satu jenis penyakit typhus adalah scrub typhus yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Orientia tsutsugamushi.

Penyakit ini masih banyak dijumpai di kawasan Asia Tenggara, China, Jepang, India, dan Australia Utara. Jika Anda bepergian ke daerah yang banyak ditemui kasus scrub typhus, Anda memiliki risiko tertular penyakit tersebut.

 

Apa Itu Penyakit Scrub Typhus?

Penyakit scrub typhus juga dikenal dengan sebutan tifus semak atau tifus tropis. Penyakit ini banyak dijumpai di kawasan pedesaan atau hutan. Tifus semak umumnya ditularkan melalui larva tungau yang mengisap darah hewan pengerat.

Jika seseorang digigit larva atau hewan yang terinfeksi bakteri Orientia tsutsugamushi, maka ia akan terinfeksi tifus semak. Anda juga dapat tertular penyakit tifus semak jika tidur di sprei yang terdapat tungau tersebut.

Selain itu, jika Anda menggaruk kulit di area gigitan tungau, bakteri dalam kotorannya juga dapat masuk ke aliran darah sehingga masuk dan menginfeksi tubuh Anda.

 

Tanda dan Gejala Scrub Typhus

Gejala scrub typhus baru akan muncul sekitar 10 hari sejak Anda digigit tungau pembawa bakteri. Beberapa gejala penyakit yang muncul antara lain:

  • Demam dan menggigil
  • Sakit kepala
  • Badan sakit dan nyeri otot
  • Muncul bekas luka warna gelap (keropeng) di bekas gigitan serangga
  • Perubahan kondisi mental dari kebingungan hingga koma
  • Pembesaran kelenjar getah bening
  • Munculnya ruam kulit

Gejala yang muncul pada tifus semak dapat mirip dengan gejala penyakit lainnya. Untuk penegakan diagnosis, dokter akan melakukan sejumlah pemeriksaan. Beberapa pemeriksaan yang bisa dilakukan untuk mendiagnosis penyakit tersebut antara lain tes serologi, tes antibodi, tes PCR dan kultur sel.

Namun pemeriksaan laboratorium umumnya memakan waktu lama dan proses yang sulit, sehingga dokter akan melakukan perawatan untuk meredakan gejala sebelum hasil tes keluar.

 

Penanganan Scrub Tyhpus

Penyakit tifus semak atau scrub typhus dapat diatasi dengan pemberian antibiotik doksisiklin. Obat ini dapat digunakan untuk segala umur. Pemberian antibiotik paling efektif jika diberikan segera setelah gejala muncul.

Obat ini akan diberikan selama 7 hari berturut-turut. Pasien tifus semak yang dengan segera mendapat penanganan antibiotik umumnya akan sembuh lebih cepat dan tidak mengalami gejala yang parah.

 

Bisakah Scrub Typhus Dicegah?

Penyakit scrub typhus adalah penyakit infeksi yang paling berbahaya di antara jenis penyakit tifus lainnya. Jika tidak ditangani dengan tepat, tifus semak dapat menyebabkan kerusakan organ.

Hingga saat ini belum ada vaksinasi untuk mencegah keparahan infeksi tifus semak. Sebagai upaya pencegahan, sebaiknya Anda menghindari kontak langsung dengan sengatan kutu atau tungau.

Apabila Anda berkunjung ke area hutan atau pedesaan, sebaiknya kenakan pakaian lengan panjang sebagai bentuk perlindungan. Gunakan losion anti serangga di area yang tidak terlindingi kulit. Jika Anda menggunakan sunscreen, maka gunakan losion anti serangga setelah menggunakan sunscreen.

Untuk memberi perlindungan ekstra, Anda juga dapat mengoleskan obat anti parasit seperti permethrin ke pakaian, sepatu dan alat perkemahan yang Anda gunakan.

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 23:17

MSD Manual. Scrub Typhus. Available from: https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/rickettsiae-and-related-organisms/scrub-typhus

CDC. Scrub Typhus. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/typhus/scrub/index.html

 

DermNet. Scrub Typhus. Available from: https://dermnetnz.org/topics/scrub-typhus

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      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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