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Penyakit Infeksi, Ketahui Gejala Umum dan Cara Penularannya

Penyakit Infeksi, Ketahui Gejala Umum dan Cara Penularannya
Credits: Freepik. Penyakit infeksi atau penyakit menular adalah jenis penyakit yang disebabkan oleh organisme seperti bakteri, virus, jamur, dan parasit.

Bagikan :


Penyakit infeksi atau penyakit menular adalah jenis penyakit yang disebabkan oleh organisme seperti bakteri, virus, jamur, dan parasit. Infeksi ini biasanya disebabkan oleh kontak langsung dengan orang yang terinfeksi atau bersentuhan dengan barang yang terkontaminasi.

 

Gejala Umum Penyakit Infeksi

Secara umum, penyakit infeksi ditandai dengan adanya demam atau kelelahan. Demam adalah peningkatan suhu tubuh lebih tinggi dari suhu normal seseorang. Suhu normal seseorang bisa bervariasi dari satu orang ke orang yang lain, tetapi biasanya sekitar 36-37 derajat celcius.

Demam bukanlah penyakit. Demam menandakan bahwa sistem kekebalan tubuh sedang berjuang melawan infeksi mikroorganisme di dalam tubuh.

Adakalanya sistem kekebalan tubuh menang dan tubuh akan berangsur sehat. Namun, di sisi lain, sistem kekebalan tubuh saja tidak cukup mampu melawan infeksi dan dibutuhkan bantuan obat.

 

Cara Penularan Penyakit Infeksi

Penyakit menular disebabkan oleh beragam mikroorganisme, seperti virus, bakteri, jamur, parasit.

Cara penularan penyakit infeksi bisa berbeda-beda, tergantung pada penyebabnya. Berikut adalah cara penularan penyakit infeksi:

  • Penularan dari orang ke orang melalui batuk atau bersin, di mana droplet kemudian dihirup oleh orang lain
  • Penularan melalui kontak langsung seperti berciuman, melakukan hubungan seks baik anal maupun vaginal
  • Berbagi peralatan makan bersama dengan orang lain
  • Menyentuh benda yang sering disentuh bersama, seperti gagang pintu, ponsel, etalase, dan lain sebagainya
  • Melakukan kontak langsung dengan kotoran hewan atau manusia yang terinfeksi
  • Penularan melalui gigitan serangga atau hewan
  • Mengonsumsi makanan atau minuman yang terkontaminasi
  • Melakukan kontak langsung dengan pasir atau tanah yang terkontaminasi
  • Penularan melalui ibu hamil ke janin
  • Penularan melalui transfusi darah, transplantasi organ maupun prosedur medis

 

Mencegah Penularan Penyakit Infeksi

Dengan bantuan kemajuan teknologi, sebagian besar penyakit menular sudah dapat dicegah penyebaran maupun derajat keparahan gejalanya dengan vaksin.

Meskipun demikian, untuk mencegah penularan penyakit menular, cara terbaik selain divaksin adalah menjaga kebersihan dan mempraktekkan pola hidup bersih dengan rutin mencuci tangan dengan sabun.

Berikut adalah langkah-langkah yang tepat untuk mencegah penularan penyakit infeksi, di antaranya:

  • Rutin mencuci tangan dengan sabun dan air bersih, terutama sebelum dan sesudah menyiapkan makanan, sebelum dan sesudah makan, setelah menggunakan toilet
  • Membersihkan permukaan yang kerap disentuh dengan desinfektan
  • Menghindari menyimpan makanan di suhu ruang terlalu lama
  • Menerima vaksin yang sesuai dengan rekomendasi dan jadwal dokter
  • Hanya mengonsumsi antibiotik sesuai dengan resep dan petunjuk pemakaian dokter
  • Melakukan desinfeksi pada ruangan yang berpeluang tinggi terkontaminasi bakteri, seperti dapur dan kamar mandi
  • Menurunkan risiko penyakit menular seksual dengan tidak mempraktekkan seks bebas, menggunakan kondom, serta rutin melakukan pemeriksaan terkait penyakit menular seksual bila berisiko tinggi
  • Menghindari menggunakan alat pribadi bersama, misal sikat gigi, sisir, gelas, alat makan atau alat cukur
  • Mengikuti petunjuk pemerintah dalam menghadapi infeksi penyakit tertentu

Ketika jenis penyakit menular tertentu ditetapkan sebagai pandemi, epidemi, maupun endemi, sangat penting bagi Anda untuk tetap mengikuti setiap aturan dan saran dari pemerintah untuk mencegah penyebaran penyakit semakin meluas.

Tetap praktekkan pola hidup sehat, serta aktif berolahraga dan tidur yang cukup untuk meningkatkan kekebalan tubuh.

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 14:38

Mayo Clinic (2022). Infectious diseases. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/infectious-diseases/symptoms-causes/syc-20351173

Cleveland Clinic (2022). Infectious Diseases. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17724-infectious-diseases

Adam Felman (2020). What to know about infections. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/196271

Medline Plus (2016). Fever. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/fever.html

 

 

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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 3850
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.98msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2229 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2229
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.01msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8418 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8418
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.71msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8738 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 9763
      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.06msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9837 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9837
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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