Pilihan Metode Pengobatan untuk Kanker Ovarium

Pilihan Metode Pengobatan untuk Kanker Ovarium
Ilustrasi pasien kanker ovarium sedang menjalani perawatan. Credit: Freepik

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Kanker ovarium adalah jenis kanker yang banyak dialami perempuan. Dibandingkan jenis kanker lain yang menyerang organ reproduksi wanita, kanker ovarium merupakan penyebab kematian tertinggi.

Pada awal masa perkembangan, kanker ovarium sering kali sulit terdeteksi. Namun jika kondisi ini diketahui dengan cepat, kanker ovarium memiliki keberhasilan untuk sembuh yang tinggi.

 

Gejala Kanker Ovarium

Kanker ovarium sering kali tidak terdeteksi pada tahapan awal. Kanker ovarium dapat berkembang dan menyebar ke perut sebelum menunjukkan gejala.

Itulah sebabnya sering kali kanker ovarium baru terdeteksi ketika perempuan melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan akibat munculnya keluhan. Pada tahap ini umumnya sel kanker sudah menyebar dan memasuki stadium akhir.

Beberapa gejala kanker ovarium yang perlu diwaspadai antara lain:

  • Nyeri panggul atau perut dan muncul rasa tidak nyaman atau kembung
  • Perubahan kebiasaan makan seperti cepat kenyang atau kehilangan nafsu makan
  • Keputihan atau perdarahan abnormal, terutama jika perdarahan terjadi di luar siklus menstruasi biasa
  • Diare atau sembelit
  • Peningkatan ukuran perut
  • Frekuensi buang air kecil meningkat

Apabila Anda mengalami keluhan tersebut sebaiknya segera lakukan pemeriksaan ke dokter. Jika dokter mencurigai adanya risiko kanker ovarium, dokter akan melakukan pemeriksaan pendukung untuk menegakkan diagnosis.

Beberapa pemeriksaan pendukung yang diperlukan antara lain pemeriksaan panggul, pemeriksaan pencitraan seperti USG atau CT scan, tes darah, biopsi, operasi pembedahan dan pemeriksaan tes genetik. 

Baca Juga: Rahim Diangkat, Masih Mungkinkah Mengalami Kanker Ovarium?

 

Jenis Pengobatan untuk Kanker Ovarium

Setelah diagnosis kanker ovarium ditegakkan, dokter akan membicarakan rencana pengobatan kanker dengan pasien. Penanganan kanker ovarium yang utama adalah operasi dan kemoterapi. Namun untuk menentukan jenis pengobatan yang sesuai, dokter perlu mempertimbangkan berbagai faktor seperti:

  • Ukuran dan jenis kanker ovarium yang dimiliki
  • Lokasi berkembangnya kanker
  • Penyebaran kanker
  • Kondisi pasien secara umum

Berdasarkan faktor pertimbangan di atas, dokter akan menentukan tindakan pengobatan serta menjelaskan manfaat, risiko dan efek samping atas pilihan pengobatan yang dipilih. 

Beberapa pilihan pengobatan untuk kanker ovarium antara lain:

Operasi

Pilihan pengobatan operasi bisa dilakukan jika kanker Anda dapat didiagnosis lebih awal. Operasi kanker ovarium dapat dilakukan pada jenis kanker epitel.

Umumnya operasi menjadi pilihan utama bagi pasien kanker ovarium tahap awal maupun lanjut. Operasi ini bertujuan untuk mengangkat jaringan tumor yang telah menyebar di ovarium dan jaringan lainnya.

Dalam operasi untuk kanker ovarium, dokter dapat melakukan pengangkatan rahim dengan ovarium dan tuba fallopi, juga pengangkatan omentum, lapisan jaringan lemak yang menutupi isi perut dan memotong usus yang terkena penyebaran kanker.

Baca Juga: Benarkah Penggunaan Deodoran dapat Memicu Kanker?

 

Kemoterapi

Selain operasi, dokter juga akan merekomendasikan pasien untuk menjalani kemoterapi. Kemoterapi adalah pengobatan kanker menggunakan obat-obatan untuk menghentikan pertumbuhan tumor dan mencegah penyebarannya. Kemoterapi dapat dilakukan sebelum atau sesudah operasi, tergantung dari perkembangan kanker.

Kemoterapi dapat dilakukan melalui suntikan ke pembuluh darah atau minum obat. Kemoterapi umumnya dilakukan dalam 3-6 siklus tergantung kebutuhan dan kondisi pasien.

 

Terapi target

Terapi target adalah perawatan obat yang ditargetkan untuk fokus pada kelemahan spesifik yang ada dalam sel kanker. Dengan menyerang kelemahan sel, pengobatan yang ditargetkan dapat menyebabkan sel kanker mati lebih cepat. Terapi ini dilakukan dengan menyerang sel kanker untuk merusak DNA sel.

 

Terapi hormon

Pengobatan kanker ovarium juga dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan terapi hormon. Terapi hormon dilakukan dengan memblokir efek hormon estrogen pada sel kanker ovarium. Hormon estrogen diketahui menjadi senyawa yang membantu pertumbuhan sel kanker. Dengan menghambat efek hormon estrogen, diharapkan pertumbuhan kanker menjadi terkendali.

 

Pilihan pengobatan kanker tergantung pada jenis dan pertumbuhan kanker yang Anda alami. Selain menjalani pengobatan, dokter juga menganjurkan pasien untuk menerapkan gaya hidup sehat. Diskusikan dengan dokter mengenai perubahan gaya hidup sehat yang dapat membantu mempercepat penyembuhan kanker. 

Anda juga dapat melakukan konsultasi bersama dokter terkait kondisi kanker yang Anda alami dengan mengunduh aplikasi Ai Care di Play Store atau App Store.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Selasa, 8 Agustus 2023 | 06:46

CDC. How Is Ovarian Cancer Treated?. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/ovarian/basic_info/treatment.htm#

Cancer Research UK. Treting the Symptoms of Advanced Ovarian Cancer. Available from: https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/ovarian-cancer/treatment/treating-symptoms-advanced#

American Cancer Society. Available from: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/ovarian-cancer/treating.html

NHS. Treatment. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/ovarian-cancer/treatment/

Mayo Clinic. Ovarian Cancer. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ovarian-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20375946

 

Cleveland Clinic. Ovarian Cancer. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4447-ovarian-cancer

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    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.74msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 202 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 202
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.77msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2650 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2650
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.7msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3781 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3781
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.62msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2401 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2401
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.67msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 343 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 343
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.82msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3038 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3038
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.11msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5337 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5337
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 8322
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.91msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8312 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8312
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.57msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8020 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8020
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.52msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8019 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8019
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
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    App\Models\Admin\Page
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