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  • Berpotensi Menular ke Masyarakat, Kenali Cara Pencegahan Infeksi Penyakit Emerging

Berpotensi Menular ke Masyarakat, Kenali Cara Pencegahan Infeksi Penyakit Emerging

Berpotensi Menular ke Masyarakat, Kenali Cara Pencegahan Infeksi Penyakit Emerging
Credit: Freepik. Penyakit infeksi emerging adalah penyakit yang muncul dan menyerang suatu populasi.

Bagikan :


Penyakit infeksi emerging adalah penyakit yang muncul dan menyerang suatu populasi. Penyakit ini bisa berupa penyakit baru yang belum pernah diketahui sebelumnya atau penyakit yang sudah pernah ada sebelumnya lalu kasusnya menurun secara signifikan dan kini tiba-tiba muncul kembali.

Penyakit infeksi emerging perlu mendapat perhatian khusus. Pasalnya, penularan infeksi yang sangat cepat dapat membahayakan kesehatan masyarakat. Apabila bidang kesehatan masyarakat terganggu, hal ini juga akan berdampak pada kondisi sosial ekonomi suatu negara.

 

Faktor Risiko Penyebaran Penyakit Infeksi Emerging

Penyakit infeksi emerging dapat disebabkan oleh munculnya suatu wabah atau penyakit yang belum diketahui sebelumnya. Selain itu penyakit lama yang sebelumnya pernah muncul di daerah lain lalu muncul kembali di daerah yang tidak memiliki riwayat infeksi selama 2 dekade juga dapat dikategorikan sebagai penyakit infeksi emerging.

Salah satu faktor risiko kemunculan penyakit infeksi ini adalah adanya perjalanan jauh yang dilakukan masyarakat (terutama antarbenua). Bagi Anda yang gemar melakukan perjalanan jauh, perlu memahami risiko menjadi carrier penyakit dari negar asal dan tertular penyakit yang sedang berlangsung di negara tujuan.

Terlebih jika kegiatan Anda di negara tujuan melibatkan kontak dengan hewan liar dan alam bebas. Sebelum bepergian ke luar negeri, pastikan Anda mengetahui risiko dan upaya pencegahan serta penularan dari penyakit-penyakit tersebut.

Sebagian besar penyakit infeksi emerging adalah penyakit yang bersifat zoonosis, yaitu ditularkan dari hewan ke manusia. Beberapa penyakit zoonosis yang termasuk penyakit infeksi emerging antara lain chikungunya, infeksi virus hanta, dan demam berdarah dengue.

 

Upaya Pencegahan Penyebaran Penyakit Infeksi Emerging

Mengingat wisatawan memiliki risiko tinggi menyebarkan penyakit infeksi emerging, berikut ini beberapa upaya yang bisa dilakukan:

1. Cari Informasi Selengkapnya Sebelum Bepergian

Sebelum bepergian, baik ke lokasi baru maupun lokasi yang sudah pernah Anda kunjungi sebelumnya, sebaiknya cari informasi mengenai risiko kesehatan di lingkungan tujuan Anda. Terutama jika Anda bepergian dengan anak-anak, lansia, ibu hamil atau orang dengan gangguan sistem kekebalan tubuh.

2. Lakukan Vaksinasi

Beberapa risiko penyakit infeksi dapat ditekan dengan melakukan vaksinasi. Vaksinasi adalah memasukkan bagian virus yang mati atau sudah dilemahkan ke dalam tubuh agar sistem kekebalan tubuh dapat membentuk antibodi penyakit tersebut.

Beberapa penyakit infeksi yang sudah tersedia vaksinnya antara lain cacar air, Covid-19, difteri, hepatitis A, malaria, rabies dan TBC.

Bagi Anda yang bepergian menuju negara endemik malaria, jika diperlukan, dokter akan merekomendasikan untuk melakukan vaksin malaria dan membawa obat-obatan untuk mencegah terjadinya infeksi malaria yang parah.

3. Rajin Mencuci Tangan

Penyakit infeksi dapat disebabkan melalui virus, bakteri, jamur dan parasit. Penularan kuman ini dapat dicegah dengan menerapkan kebiasaan rajin mencuci tangan dengan sabun dan air mengalir.

Selalu cuci tangan ketika akan makan, menyiapkan makanan, setelah menggunakan toilet, dan ketika tangan terasa atau terlihat kotor.

4. Mengolah Makanan dengan Tepat

Kebiasaan penanganan makanan yang aman juga dapat membantu mencegah penyakit menular tertentu. Selain mencuci tangan sebelum menyiapkan makanan, Anda juga dianjurkan untuk mencuci bersih semua buah dan sayuran, memasak daging hingga matang, serta menghindari makan makanan laut mentah atau setengah matang. 

 

Penyakit infeksi emerging dapat menyebabkan infeksi ringan hingga berat. Apabila Anda baru saja berkunjung dari daerah yang memiliki kasus penyakit infeksi emerging dan memiliki masalah kesehatan sebaiknya segera periksakan ke dokter. Penanganan infeksi yang tepat dapat meminimalisir risiko keparahan dan mencegah penularan. 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Sabtu, 15 April 2023 | 09:15

Johns Hopkins Medicine. Emerging Infectious Diseases. Available from: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/emerging-infectious-diseases

Baylor College of Medicine. Emerging Infectious Disease. Available from: https://www.bcm.edu/departments/molecular-virology-and-microbiology/emerging-infections-and-biodefense/emerging-infectious-diseases

Cleveland Clinic. Infectious Disease. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17724-infectious-diseases

Manatu Haoura Ministry of Health. Prevent the spread of infectious disease. Available from: https://www.health.govt.nz/your-health/healthy-living/environmental-health/infectious-disease-prevention-and-control/prevent-spread-infectious-disease

 

Araj, R., Alqasrawi, S., Samy, S., Alwahdanee, G., Wadi, J., Mofleh, J., & Alsanouri, T. (2019). Preventing Emerging and Re-emerging Infections in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: Gaps, Challenges, and Priorities. JMIR public health and surveillance5(4), e14348. https://doi.org/10.2196/14348

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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.04msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4970 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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