Mengapa PM2.5 Berbahaya bagi Kesehatan?

Mengapa PM2.5 Berbahaya bagi Kesehatan?
Credits: Freepik

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Menghirup PM2.5 bisa berdampak negatif pada kesehatan. Saat partikel PM2.5 terhirup masuk ke dalam sistem pernapasan, partikel ini bisa masuk lebih dalam ke aliran darah menyebabkan gangguan pernapasan, meningkatnya risiko penyakit jantung, meningkatkan risiko berat badan lahir rendah pada bayi, menyebabkan peradangan saluran pernapasan dan konsekuensi kesehatan jangka panjang lainnya.

Karena dampak negatif yang serius, sangat penting untuk mengambil langkah-langkah melindungi diri sendiri dan keluarga dari paparan PM2.5 yang tinggi.

 

Apa itu PM2.5

PM2.5 adalah istilah yang digunakan untuk partikel udara yang sangat kecil dengan diameter kurang dari 2,5 mikrometer. Ukuran partikel yang sangat kecil menyebabkan mereka mudah terhirup masuk ke saluran pernapasan yang lebih dalam seperti alveoli, yaitu bagian dalam paru-paru yang bertanggung jawab atas pertukaran gas.

PM2.5 ini juga bisa meresap masuk ke dalam aliran darah. Ketika partikel ini masuk ke aliran darah, mereka dapat terbawa ke berbagai organ dan jaringan di dalam tubuh dan menyebabkan masalah kesehatan di sana.

PM2.5 berasal dari berbagai sumber, di antaranya:

  • Kendaraan bermotor
  • Pembangkit listrik yang menggunakan bahan bakar fosil
  • Gas buang instalasi industri yang menggunakan bahan bakar fosil
  • Pembakaran kayu
  • Pembakaran batu bata
  • Pembakaran sampah rumah tangga
  • Proses industri seperti pembuatan logam, produksi kimia dan produksi bahan bangunan
  • Penggunaan mesin pertanian
  • Aktivitas alam seperti debu gurun, asap kebakaran hutan atau abu vulkanis

 

Baca Juga: Dampak Negatif Polusi Udara bagi Kehamilan

 

Cara Melindungi Diri dari PM2.5

Anak-anak, ibu hamil, lansia, dan orang dengan penyakit paru harus melindungi diri dari paparan PM2.5. Bahkan, ketika Anda memiliki kesehatan yang baik, bila terpapar partikel PM2.5, Anda akan mengalami gejala seperti iritasi mata, iritasi hidung dan tenggorokan, batuk, dahak, sesak napas, dan sesak di dada.

Untuk itu, lakukan beberapa hal berikut untuk melindungi diri dari paparan PM2.5:

  • Saat paparan polusi sedang sangat tinggi, tetap berada di dalam ruangan dan batasi aktivitas fisik di luar ruangan
  • Hindari aktivitas yang membutuhkan pernapasan cepat dan lebih dalam
  • Beli mesin penyaring udara untuk menjaga kualitas udara di dalam rumah tetap baik
  • Jaga perputaran udara di rumah agar udara terus berganti
  • Jangan merokok di dalam rumah
  • Gunakan alat pengisap asap di dapur untuk menghirup asap sisa pembuangan memasak
  • Kenakan masker berkualitas tinggi seperti N-95 yang dapat menyaring partikel-partikel kecil termasuk partikel PM2.5

 

Baca Juga: Tips Memilih Masker untuk Melindungi Diri dari Polusi Udara

 

Segera periksakan diri ke dokter bila mengalami iritasi mata, iritasi tenggorokan atau hidung, kesulitan bernapas, batuk berdahak yang tidak kunjung membaik, rasa sesak di dada, kesulitan bernapas atau selalu merasa kelelahan. Anda juga bisa memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan terkait paparan polusi PM2.5 atau keluhan pernapasan lainnya dengan mengunduh aplikasi Ai Care melalui App Store atau Play Store.

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Rabu, 13 September 2023 | 06:19

New York State Gov (2023). Particle Pollution and Health. Available from: https://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/indoors/air/pmq_a.htm 

United States Environmental Protection Agency. How Does PM Affect Human Health?. Available from: https://www3.epa.gov/region1/airquality/pm-human-health.html 

California Air Resources Board. Inhalable Particulate Matter and Health (PM2.5 and PM10). Available from: https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/resources/inhalable-particulate-matter-and-health 

Airnow gov. Extremely High Levels of PM2.5: Steps to Reduce Your Exposure. Available from: https://www.airnow.gov/aqi/aqi-basics/extremely-high-levels-of-pm25/ 

CDC (2023). Particle Pollution. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/air/particulate_matter.html 

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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.11msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2068 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2068
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      • 0: 7038
      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.89msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6249 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6249
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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