Risiko Kesehatan Anak dan Bayi yang Sering Terpapar Asap Rokok

Risiko Kesehatan Anak dan Bayi yang Sering Terpapar Asap Rokok
Credits: Freepik

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Bayi dan anak-anak secara tidak langsung menjadi perokok pasif ketika terpapar asap rokok dari perokok aktif, atau berada di dalam ruangan yang sama dengan perokok aktif. Asap rokok mengandung berbagai senyawa kimia berbahaya, termasuk karbon monoksida, nikotin, tar, dan berbagai senyawa karsinogenik yang dapat meningkatkan risiko penyakit serius seperti penyakit kanker, jantung dan gangguan pernapasan.

Bayi dan anak-anak yang tinggal dengan orang dewasa yang merokok berisiko mengalami berbagai masalah kesehatan yang bahkan bisa mengancam jiwa. Oleh karena itu, sangatlah penting untuk melindungi anak-anak dari paparan asap rokok.

 

Risiko Kesehatan saat Bayi atau Anak Terpapar Asap Rokok

Bayi dan anak-anak yang terpapar asap rokok dari keluarga atau tetangga berisiko mengalami masalah kesehatan yang bisa mengancam jiwa, di antaranya:

Sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI)

Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy (SUDI) adalah bagian dari sindrom kematian bayi mendadak (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome). Ini adalah penyebab kematian yang tragis yang bisa terjadi saat bayi tidur di ruangan di mana ada orang yang merokok, atau ruangan yang terpapar asap rokok.

Paparan asap rokok selama kehamilan juga meningkatkan risiko SIDS, kelahiran prematur, berat badan lahir rendah serta masalah pernapasan saat bayi dilahirkan. Karena dampak yang serius inilah, ibu hamil juga sebaiknya berhenti merokok dan menghindari paparan asap rokok.

 

Baca Juga: Ini Bahaya Asap Rokok bagi Perokok Pasif, Bahkan Sejak 5 Menit Terpapar Asap

 

Penyakit paru

Paparan asap rokok dapat menyebabkan masalah pernapasan pada bayi dan anak-anak seperti infeksi saluran pernapasan bawah, misalnya bronkitis dan pneumonia. Asap rokok mengandung berbagai zat beracun yang dapat merusak saluran pernapasan serta menurunkan kemampuan tubuh dalam melawan infeksi. Saat tubuh rentan terhadap infeksi, maka kuman akan lebih mudah menyerang organ tubuh termasuk paru-paru dan menyebabkan pneumonia.

 

Memperparah asma

Paparan asap rokok pada anak-anak yang telah menderita asma dapat memperparah dan memicu serangan asma. Selain mengandung zat berbahaya, asap rokok juga mengandung zat iritan yang dapat memicu peradangan dan penyempitan saluran udara. Akibatnya, anak yang menderita asma akan lebih sering batuk, sesak napas, dan mengalami sesak di dada.

Selain itu, paparan asap rokok juga dapat mengurangi respons anak-anak terhadap obat-obatan asma, yang pada akhirnya membuat pengendalian gejala penyakit ini lebih sulit.

 

Lebih sering mengalami batuk berdahak dan mengi

Anak usia sekolah yang tinggal bersama orang dewasa yang merokok, atau sering terpapar asap rokok secara rutin lebih berisiko mengalami gejala pernapasan seperti batuk berdahak, sesak napas dan mengi.

Paparan asap rokok merangsang saluran pernapasan dan menyebabkan iritasi sehingga anak menjadi lebih sering batuk. Batuk pada anak-anak yang terpapar asap rokok menghasilkan lebih banyak dahak sebagai respons dari iritasi asap. Produksi dahak berlebihan memicu mengi, yaitu suara "ngik" yang dihasilkan saat anak bernapas.

 

Baca Juga: 4 Jenis Bakteri yang Dapat Menyebabkan Penyakit Meningitis

 

Penyakit meningokokus

Meningokokus adalah bakteri yang dapat menyebabkan infeksi serius seperti meningitis dan sepsis. Bakteri ini lebih rentan menginfeksi anak-anak yang terpapar asap rokok, karena asap rokok melemahkan sistem kekebalan tubuh. Meningitis meningokokus adalah kondisi darurat medis yang membutuhkan perawatan segera. Kondisi ini dapat berkembang dengan sangat cepat dan bisa berakibat fatal apabila tidak ditangani dengan cepat.

Menjaga lingkungan anak-anak dan bayi dari asap rokok adalah langkah penting dalam menjaga kesehatan mereka dan menurunkan risiko terkena penyakit serius. Apabila bayi atau anak mengalami batuk yang tak kunjung berhenti atau membaik, segera bawa mereka mengunjungi dokter. Anda juga bisa memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan dengan mengunduh aplikasi Ai Care melalui App Store atau Play Store.

Mau tahu informasi seputar kehamilan, menyusui, kesehatan wanita dan anak-anak? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Selasa, 7 Mei 2024 | 03:32

Better Health Channel. Passive smoking. Available from: https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/passive-smoking 

Health Direct (2022). Passive smoking. Available from: https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/passive-smoking 

Better Health Channel. Sudden unexpected deaths in infants (SUDI and SIDS). Available from: https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/sudden-unexpected-death-in-infants-sudi-and-sids#tobacco-smoke-and-sudi 

Stanford Medicine. Acute Bronchitis in Children. Available from: https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=acute-bronchitis-in-children-90-P02930 

WebMD (2022). Smoking and Asthma. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/asthma/smoking-and-asthma 

Stanford Medicine. Meningococcal Infections in Children. Available from: https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=meningococcal-infections-in-children-90-P02529 

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.45msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 929 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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