Ini Cara Nyamuk Wolbachia Melawan Demam Berdarah

Ini Cara Nyamuk Wolbachia Melawan Demam Berdarah
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Demam berdarah atau demam dengue masih menjadi masalah serius di banyak wilayah termasuk di Indonesia. Penyakit ini disebabkan oleh virus yang dibawa oleh nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Infeksinya bisa menyebabkan gejala ringan hingga parah, bahkan bisa berujung pada kematian.

Ada banyak upaya yang dilakukan untuk menanggulangi demam berdarah, seperti penggunaan kelambu, pembersihan lingkungan, penggunaan obat antinyamuk dan juga penyebaran nyamuk Wolbachia.

 

Apa itu Nyamuk Wolbachia

Nyamuk Wolbachia sebenarnya adalah inovasi teknologi, di mana bakteri Wolbachia yang biasanya ditemukan di banyak serangga, dimanfaatkan untuk mengendalikan penyebaran penyakit demam berdarah. Menurut CDC, proses ini dimulai dengan menginjeksikan bakteri ke dalam telur nyamuk sehingga memungkinkan bakteri Wolbachia untuk masuk ke embrio nyamuk.

Saat telur-telur ini menetas, nyamuk yang telah terinfeksi Wolbachia akan tumbuh dan berkembang menjadi nyamuk dewasa. Nyamuk jantan dan betina kemudian akan dipisahkan. Nyamuk betina yang terinfeksi Wolbachia akan dipelihara dan digunakan untuk pembiakan selanjutnya, sedangkan nyamuk jantan dilepaskan dalam jumlah besar ke lingkungan yang ditargetkan.

Saat nyamuk jantan yang terinfeksi Wolbachia bertemu dengan betina lain seperti Aedes aegypti, mereka akan berpasangan. Namun, keturunan tidak akan terbentuk sehingga hal ini dapat membantu mengurangi populasi nyamuk pembawa penyakit dengue. Bakteri Wolbachia dapat mengubah kemampuan nyamuk untuk menyebarkan virus-virus seperti demam berdarah, Zika, dan Chikungunya.

Perlu dipahami bahwa, nyamuk Wolbachia bukanlah modifikasi genetik, melainkan infeksi bakteri secara alami yang dimaksudkan untuk mengubah kemampuan reproduksi nyamuk. Tujuan utamanya adalah mengurangi populasi nyamuk pembawa penyakit, bukan mengubah genetika nyamuk.

Pelepasan nyamuk yang terinfeksi Wolbachia ke lingkungan tertentu telah diuji coba untuk mengendalikan penyebaran penyakit seperti demam berdarah. Menurut sebuah penelitian di Yogyakarta seperti melansir Kemenkes RI, pelepasan nyamuk Wolbachia telah memberikan hasil nyata dengan menurunnya angka demam dengue hingga 77,1% dan menurunnya angka perawatan di rumah sakit karena demam dengue hingga 86,1%.

 

Baca Juga: Benarkah Nyamuk Tertarik Golongan Darah Tertentu?

 

Waspada Gejala Demam Berdarah (Demam Dengue)

Walaupun inovasi nyamuk Wolbachia cukup efektif dalam mengurangi angka kasus demam berdarah (demam dengue), Anda tetap perlu mewaspadai gejala infeksi demam dengue, di antaranya:

  • Demam tinggi hingga 40 derajat celsius
  • Sakit kepala
  • Nyeri otot dan tulang
  • Mual dan muntah
  • Nyeri di belakang mata
  • Pembengkakan kelenjar getah bening
  • Ruam

 

Baca Juga: Inilah Beda Nyamuk Penyebab Demam Berdarah Vs Nyamuk Penyebab Malaria

 

Sebagian besar orang hanya mengalami gejala ringan demam berdarah dan akan sembuh dalam beberapa minggu atau kurang. Namun, beberapa di antaranya mungkin mengalami gejala yang lebih parah dan membutuhkan perawatan di rumah sakit.

Segera cari pertolongan medis di rumah sakit apabila gejala demam dengue berkembang menjadi lebih buruk. Kondisi yang lebih parah biasanya ditandai dengan beberapa gejala berikut:

  • Sakit perut parah
  • Muntah terus-menerus
  • Gusi berdarah dan mimisan
  • Adanya darah di urine, di dalam muntahan dan juga tinja
  • Perdarahan di bawah kulit yang tampak seperti memar
  • Kesulitan bernapas atau napas tidak teratur
  • Kelelahan
  • Tubuh terasa lemah

Demam berdarah dengan gejala ringan tidak membutuhkan perawatan di rumah sakit. Anda hanya perlu banyak beristirahat, makan makanan bergizi seimbang, minum lebih banyak air. Apabila Anda membutuhkan konsultasi dokter secara daring, Anda bisa memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan dengan mengunduh aplikasi Ai Care melalui App Store atau Play Store.

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Jumat, 8 Desember 2023 | 04:29

Mayo Clinic (2022). Dengue fever. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dengue-fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20353078 

World Mosquitos Program. Wolbachia Method How It Works. Available from: https://www.worldmosquitoprogram.org/en/work/wolbachia-method/how-it-works 

Sehat Negeriku (2022). Wolbachia, Inovasi Baru Cegah Penyebaran DBD. Available from: https://sehatnegeriku.kemkes.go.id/baca/umum/20220722/3340692/wolbachia-inovasi-baru-cegah-penyebaran-dbd/ 

CDC (2022). Mosquitoes with Wolbachia for reducing numbers of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/mosquito-control/community/emerging-methods/wolbachia.html 

WHO (2020). Reduced pathogen transmission by a microorganism. Available from: https://www.who.int/groups/vector-control-advisory-group/summary-of-new-interventions-for-vector-control/reduced-pathogen-transmission-by-a-microorganism 

CDC (2023). About Dengue: What You Need to Know. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/about/index.html 

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.71msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8359 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8359
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.9msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 50 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 9675
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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    App\Models\Admin\Post
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