Ketahui Penyebab Stroke Berulang dan Cara Mencegahnya

Ketahui Penyebab Stroke Berulang dan Cara Mencegahnya
Ilustrasi penderita stroke. Credits: Freepik

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Stroke terjadi ketika aliran darah ke otak terganggu, baik karena penyumbatan maupun pecahnya pembuluh darah. Ketika aliran darah terhenti, sel-sel otak tidak mendapatkan oksigen yang cukup. Sel-sel tersebut akan mati dalam hitungan menit dan menyebabkan gejala seperti kelumpuhan, gangguan bicara, dan bahkan kematian.

Stroke menjadi salah satu penyebab kecacatan dan kematian di dunia. Seseorang yang pernah mengalami stroke juga berisiko lebih tinggi mengalami stroke berulang.

 

Penyebab Stroke Berulang

Ada beberapa faktor yang meningkatkan risiko stroke berulang. Memahami penyebabnya sangat penting untuk mencegah terjadinya serangan stroke selanjutnya.

Berikut adalah beberapa penyebab stroke berulang:

Tekanan darah tinggi

Tekanan darah tinggi (hipertensi) menjadi salah satu penyebab utama stroke, baik iskemik maupun hemoragik. Tekanan darah tinggi dapat merusak dinding pembuluh darah dan membuatnya lebih rentan pecah atau membentuk plak yang dapat menyumbat aliran darah.

Setelah mengalami stroke, sangat penting untuk terus memantau dan mengelola tekanan darah dengan obat-obatan, serta mengubah gaya hidup sehat.

Kolesterol tinggi dan penyakit jantung

Kolesterol tinggi, terutama kolesterol LDL dapat menyebabkan penumpukan plak di dinding arteri. Plak akan menyumbat aliran darah ke otak, dan memicu stroke iskemik.

Selain itu, kondisi jantung seperti penyakit jantung koroner atau detak jantung tidak teratur juga meningkatkan risiko stroke berulang.

Baca Juga: Apa itu Golden Period pada Serangan Stroke?

Diabetes

Penderita diabetes lebih berisiko mengalami stroke, terutama stroke iskemik. Diabetes dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada pembuluh darah dan meningkatkan risiko terbentuknya plak di arteri.

Ketika kadar gula darah menjadi tidak terkontrol, maka risiko stroke berulang menjadi semakin besar. Oleh karena itu, sangat penting menjaga kadar gula darah dalam batas normal terutama mereka yang pernah mengalami stroke.

Gaya hidup tidak sehat

Gaya hidup tidak sehat seperti merokok, konsumsi alkohol berlebihan, serta pola makan tinggi lemak jenuh dan garam, menjadi penyebab utama stroke berulang.

Merokok misalnya, dapat menyebabkan penyempitan pembuluh darah dan meningkatkan terbentuknya plak. Alkohol berlebihan juga bisa meningkatkan tekanan darah serta menyebabkan lemahnya fungsi jantung dan pembuluh darah.

Mengonsumsi makanan tinggi garam, seperti makanan olahan, makanan cepat saji, dan makanan kalengan dapat meningkatkan tekanan darah. Garam menyebabkan retensi cairan yang dapat menambah beban kerja pada jantung.

Sedangkan konsumsi makanan tinggi lemak dan kurang serat dapat meningkatkan kolesterol LDL. Kolesterol LDL yang tinggi dapat menyebabkan penumpukan plak di arteri, menyempitnya pembuluh darah, dan meningkatkan risiko penyumbatan.

Baca Juga: Stroke di Usia Muda, Begini Cara Pencegahannya

Obesitas dan kurangnya aktivitas fisik

Obesitas merupakan salah satu faktor risiko utama penyakit kardiovaskular, terutama stroke. Kelebihan berat badan dapat meningkatkan kemungkinan Anda dalam mengalami hipertensi, diabetes, dan kolesterol tinggi, yang kesemuanya berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan risiko stroke.

Kurangnya aktivitas fisik dapat memperburuk kondisi ini. Dengan rutin berolahraga, Anda bisa membantu menjaga berat badan yang sehat, memperbaiki sirkulasi darah, dan menurunkan tekanan darah.

 

Bila Anda pernah mengalami stroke, maka Anda perlu rutin memeriksa tekanan darah, mengonsumsi obat yang diresepkan secara teratur, berhenti merokok dan membatasi asupan alkohol, memperbaiki pola makan serta rutin berolahraga. Apabila Anda ingin berkonsulasi dengan dokter, Anda bisa memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan Ai Care dengan mengunduhnya melalui App Store atau Play Store.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainya? Cek di sini, yah!

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Rabu, 9 Oktober 2024 | 10:21

American Stroke Association. About Stroke. Available from: https://www.stroke.org/en/about-stroke 

Nevzat Uzuner and Gulnur Tekgol Uzuner (2023). Risk factors for multiple recurrent ischemic strokes. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10158663/ 

Zawn Villines (2023). Recurrent strokes: What to know. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/recurrent-strokes 

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (2023). What Is a Stroke?. Available from: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/stroke 

American Heart Association (2024). How High Blood Pressure Can Lead to Stroke. Available from: https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/high-blood-pressure/health-threats-from-high-blood-pressure/how-high-blood-pressure-can-lead-to-stroke 

Channing Hui, et all (2024). Ischemic Stroke. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499997/ 

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (2022). How Smoking Affects the Heart and Blood Vessels. Available from: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/heart/smoking 

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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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