Cara Mencegah Gigitan Anjing Agar Tidak Infeksi

Cara Mencegah Gigitan Anjing Agar Tidak Infeksi

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Anjing merupakan hewan peliharaan yang bisa dijadikan penjaga dan menjadi sahabat yang setia. Namun begitu, tak bisa dipungkiri bahwa anjing merupakan hewan yang memiliki naluri berburu atau membela diri, dan juga dapat menularkan penyakit rabies melalui gigitannya bila mereka tidak divaksin secara berkala. Kementrian kesehatan Indonesia mencatat terjadi 404.306 kasus gigitan hewan penular rabies di Indonesia, di mana 98% kasusnya disebabkan oleh gigitan anjing. Dilaporkan pula bahwa angka kematian akibat rabies di Indonesia masih cukup tinggi, yakni antara 100-156 kematian per tahun dengan tingkat kematian kasus hampir 100%.

Luka gigitan anjing

Menurut dokter spesialis pengobatan darurat, Stephen Sayles III, MD, seperti dilansir Cleveland Clinic, hal pertama yang paling penting untuk diperhatikan setelah mengalami gigitan anjing adalah mencegah luka mengalami infeksi. Menurut Healthline, di dalam mulut anjing, terdapat banyak bakteri yang hidup antara lain seperti staphylococcus, pasteurella, dan capnocytophaga. Bakteri tersebut bisa ditularkan pada manusia lewat gigitan dan menginfeksi luka pada kulit.

Ketika luka gigitan mengalami infeksi, perawatan medis di rumah sakit dan pemberian antibiotik melalui pembuluh darah sangat dibutuhkan, terutama bila Anda memiliki riwayat penyakit diabetes atau sistem kekebalan tubuh yang lemah. Untuk mencegah infeksi, dokter menyarankan untuk mendapatkan pemeriksaan medis dalam kurun waktu 8 jam setelah gigitan. Semakin lama Anda menunda pemeriksaan medis, maka semakin tinggi pula risiko luka mengalami infeksi.

Tanda-tanda infeksi akibat gigitan anjing

Dilansir Medical News Today, berikut adalah tanda-tanda yang bisa diamati apabila luka akibat gigitan anjing mengalami infeksi:

  • Pembengkakan dan kemerahan di sekitar luka
  • Rasa sakit yang bertahan lebih dari 24 jam
  • Adanya cairan atau nanah yang keluar dari luka
  • Kesulitan menggerakkan bagian tubuh yang mengalami gigitan
  • Kulit di sekitar luka terasa hangat

Umumnya ketika infeksi telah menyebar ke bagian tubuh lainnya, gejala akan disertai demam, gemetar, dan juga keringat dingin. 

Cara mencegah terjadinya infeksi

Berikut adalah hal yang harus dilakukan untuk mencegah infeksi pada luka gigitan anjing seperti dilansir WebMD dan Medical News Today:

  • Tekan luka gigitan dengan kain atau handuk yang bersih untuk menghentikan pendarahan
  • Pastikan luka tetap berada lebih tinggi di atas jantung
  • Cuci luka dengan sabun dan air hangat selama sekitar 15 menit, dan pastikan semua area yang digigit sudah bersih. Gunakan air mengalir agar bakteri dapat terbawa aliran air
  • Oleskan krim antibiotik pada luka apabila ada dan bungkus luka dengan perban bersih
  • Apabila pendarahan sudah berhasil dihentikan, maka segera cari pertolongan medis di rumah sakit atau klinik untuk mendapatkan obat sesuai dengan kondisi luka Anda.

Anjing yang belum mendapatkan vaksinasi rabies sangat berisiko menularkan rabies pada manusia, sehingga saat memeriksakan luka ke dokter, selain menceritakan kronologi, pastikan Anda juga memberikan info detail tentang anjing yang telah menggigit Anda dan riwayat vaksinasinya. Biasanya, berdasarkan kondisi luka yang Anda alami, dokter dapat memberikan VAR (Vaksin Anti Rabies), SAR (Serum Anti Rabies), atau keduanya.

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Sabtu, 15 April 2023 | 04:05

Cleveland Clinic (2020). If a Dog Bites You, Do These 7 Things Now. Available from: https://health.clevelandclinic.org/if-a-dog-bites-you-do-these-7-things-now/

WebMD (2020). Dog Bites. Available from: https://pets.webmd.com/dogs/dog-bites#1

Whelan, C (2018). How to Treat a Dog Bite. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/dog-bite-treatment

Sissons, B (2019). What happens if a dog bite gets infected?. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326976

Kementrian Kesehatan (2020). 8 Dari 34 Provinsi di Indonesia Bebas Rabies. Available from: https://www.kemkes.go.id/article/view/20092900001/8-dari-34-provinsi-di-indonesia-bebas-rabies.html

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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#11aicare_prod_new790μsselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 3 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 7163
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 1257
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 445
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      • 0: 7458
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 7419
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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