Ketahui Penyebab Gigi Berlubang dan Cara Mencegahnya

Ketahui Penyebab Gigi Berlubang dan Cara Mencegahnya

Bagikan :


Gigi berlubang adalah kerusakan permanen di permukaan keras gigi yang menyebabkan munculnya lubang pada gigi. Gigi berlubang disebabkan banyak faktor antara lain bakteri dan plak dalam mulut, kebiasaan makan cemilan tinggi gula, dan kebersihan mulut yang buruk.

Dilansir NCBI dan NHS, tanda pertama gigi berlubang adalah bercak berwarna putih atau coklat di gigi, yang lalu menjadi lubang di permukaan gigi. Semakin dalam lapisan gigi yang terkena, lubang bisa membahayakan saraf dan akar gigi sehingga gigi menjadi sensitif terhadap suhu makanan dan timbul nyeri terus-menerus. Gejala lain yang bisa timbul adalah nafas tak sedap dan rasa tidak nyaman di mulut.

Proses Kerusakan Gigi

Terbentuknya Plak Gigi

Plak gigi adalah lapisan bening lengket yang melapisi gigi. Lapisan ini terbentuk karena banyaknya asupan gula dan pati yang tidak dibersihkan dengan baik dari gigi. Penumpukan sisa gula dan pati ini menjadi makanan bakteri di dalam gigi yang kemudian membentuk plak. Plak tersebut akan mengeras di bagian garis gusi dan menjadi karang gigi (kalkulus). Konsumsi tartar akan memperparah kondisi karang gigi karena menciptakan perisai bagi bakteri.

Serangan Plak

Asam di dalam plak gigi menghilangkan sebagian besar mineral email gigi bagian luar yang keras. Pengikisan inilah yang menyebabkan munculnya lubang kecil pada email, sebagai tahapan pertama gigi berlubang. 

Bila gigi tidak dibersihkan, email gigi akan semakin terkikis dan bakteri serta asam bisa masuk lebih dalam ke lapisan gigi berikutnya (dentin). Dentin adalah lapisan lembut seperti tabung yang terhubung langsung dengan saraf gigi. Dentin yang tidak kuat menahan serangan asam dan bakteri menyebabkan timbulnya gejala gigi sensitif.

Kerusakan Gigi

Bakteri dan asam yang masuk semakin dalam akan sampai di bagian dalam gigi (pulpa). Pulpa mengandung saraf dan pembuluh darah yang menjadi bengkak saat ada iritasi bakteri. Karena tidak ada cukup tempat saat membengkak, saraf gigi akan tertekan dan menimbulkan rasa sakit. Rasa sakit ini akan menjalar ke akar gigi dan tulang.

Bila gigi yang berlubang tidak segera diperbaiki, maka ada resiko munculnya komplikasi sebagai berikut:

  • Nyeri
  • Pembengkakan di area gigi
  • Kerusakan dan kerapuhan gigi
  • Kesulitan mengunyah
  • Pergeseran posisi gigi

Dalam konsisi yang parah, hal di atas akan berkembang menjadi:

  • Nyeri yang semakin hebat
  • Penurunan berat badan dan kekurangan nutrisi akibat rasa sakit dan kesulitan dalam makan dan mengunyah makanan
  • Gigi ompong karena tanggal
  • Abses gigi

Berikut adalah tips untuk mencegah gigi berlubang

  • Gunakan pasta gigi yang mengandung fluoride saat menggosok gigi setelah makan atau minum, setidaknya dua kali dalam sehari
  • Rutin berkumur akan membantu mencegah kerusakan gigi dengan mengeluarkan sisa-sisa makanan agar tidak terselip di celah gigi
  • Kunjungi dokter gigi setidaknya 6 bulan sekali untuk kontrol gigi
  • Hindari terlalu banyak makan cemilan atau minuman manis
  • Makan makanan sehat seperti buah-buahan dan sayuran untuk meningkatkan produksi air liur

Agar terhindar dari semua gejala gigi berlubang di atas, jagalah selalu kebersihan dan kesehatan gigi Anda. Ada baiknya Anda juga melakukan pemeriksaan gigi rutin ke dokter gigi.

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • Editor AI Care
Last Updated : Jumat, 14 April 2023 | 08:23

Cavities/tooth decay. Mayo Clinic (2017). Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cavities/symptoms-causes/syc-20352892.

Tooth decay. NHS UK (2019). Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/tooth-decay/.

Tooth decay: Overview. Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (2020). Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279514/.

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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.08msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4876 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 4876
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.04msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5937 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Backtrace
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
        • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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