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Ketahui Apa itu Stockholm Syndrome dan Dampaknya bagi Kesehatan Mental

Ketahui Apa itu Stockholm Syndrome dan Dampaknya bagi Kesehatan Mental
Credits: Freepik

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Stockholm syndrome dapat dijelaskan sebagai respons psikologis terhadap situasi seperti penindasan atau penahanan. Dengan sindrom ini, seseorang yang menjadi korban justru mengembangkan perasaan simpatik dan positif terhadap perilaku kekerasan atau penculik mereka. Fenomena ini kerap ditemui dalam berbagai situasi seperti kekerasan terhadap anak, kekerasan dalam hubungan asmara atau kasus perdagangan seks.

Ketahui lebih lanjut mengenai Stockholm syndrome dan dampaknya bagi kesehatan mental.

 

Apa itu Stockholm Syndrome

Stockholm syndrome pertama kali mendapatkan namanya dari sebuah peristiwa perampokan bank yang terjadi di tahun 1973, Stockholm, Swedia. Dalam peristiwa perampokan bank tersebut ada sejumlah pegawai bank yang disandera di dalam bank selama enam hari.

Selama masa penahanan terjadi dinamika psikologis yang menarik, di mana para sandera mengembangkan perasaan simpati dan empati terhadap pelaku perampokan dan penyanderaan. Bahkan setelah dibebaskan, beberapa di antara mereka menolak memberikan kesaksian negatif terhadap perampok bank di pengadilan dan mendukung perampok dengan melakukan pengumpulan dana untuk membela mereka. Oleh seorang kriminolog dan psikiater, fenomena psikologis ini disebut Stockholm Syndrome.

 

Baca Juga: Jenis-Jenis Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga

 

Tidak diketahui jelas mengapa beberapa orang mengembangkan sindrom ini sementara yang lainnya tidak. Sebuah teori mengemukakan bahwa fenomena Stockholm syndrome mungkin terkait dengan perilaku yang dipelajari dan diwariskan oleh leluhur. Sementara beberapa psikiater lainnya berpendapat bahwa respons ini adalah sifat alami manusia yang ada sejak lama.

Teori lain menyoroti bahwa ada faktor emosional dan psikologis yang terlibat dalam situasi penahanan atau kekerasan. Proses adaptasi emosional menyebabkan seseorang mengambangkan perasaan simpati atau empati jika pelaku kekerasan menunjukkan tanda-tanda kebaikan atau perhatian dari waktu ke waktu.

 

Dampak Stockholm Syndrome bagi Kesehatan Mental

Stockholm syndrome belum tercatat sebagai penyakit mental dalam DSM-5. Namun, fenomena ini bisa berdampak pada kesehatan mental yang ditandai dengan beberapa gejala umum, di antaranya:

  • Perasaan malu akan emosi yang dimiliki terhadap pelaku kekerasan
  • Kebingungan
  • Perasaan bersalah
  • Kesulitan mempercayai orang lain
  • Gangguan stres pasca trauma (PTSD) yang disertai mimpi buruk, insomnia, kilas balik dan mudah terkejut

 

Baca Juga: Waspadai Tanda-Tanda Awal Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga

 

Setelah mengalami kekerasan, beberapa korban mungkin mengembangkan beberapa gejala, seperti:

  • Penyangkalan
  • Penarikan sosial
  • Perasaan tegang terus-menerus
  • Perasaan hampa
  • Perasaan putus asa
  • Depresi
  • Kecemasan
  • Ketidakberdayaan dan etergantungan berlebihan
  • Hilangnya minat dalam aktivitas yang biasanya disukai

Dokter dan psikiater dapat mendeteksi gejala-gejala yang terkait dengan sindrom Stockholm, terutama bila seseorang usai mengalami kejadian yang memicu sindrom ini. Dalam beberapa kasus, gejala yang dialami orang dengan Stockholm syndrome mirip dengan gejala PTSD sehingga evaluasi yang cermat dibutuhkan untuk membantu membedakan Stockholm syndrome dengan kondisi psikologis lainnya.

Evaluasi dan diagnosis yang tepat dapat membantu memberikan perawatan yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan. Segera periksakan diri ke dokter dan ikuti perencanaan terapi serta pengobatan setelah mengalami kejadian traumatik seperti pelecehan seksual, kekerasan fisik maupun penyanderaan.

Terkait keluhan gejala lain, Anda bisa memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan dengan mengunduh aplikasi Ai Care melalui App Store atau Play Store.

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Senin, 27 November 2023 | 05:11

Cleveland Clinic (20220. Stockholm Syndrome. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22387-stockholm-syndrome 

WebMD (2023). What Is Stockholm Syndrome?. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/what-is-stockholm-syndrome 

Amy Morin, LCSW (2023). Why Do Some Victims Develop Stockholm Syndrome?. Available from: https://www.verywellmind.com/stockholm-syndrome-5074944 

Wendy Wisner (2023). What Is Stockholm Syndrome?. Available from: https://www.health.com/stockholm-syndrome-7373664 

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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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        #12025-04-12 06:46:52GET/penyakit/ketahui-apa-itu-stockholm-syndrome-dan-dampaknya-bagi-kesehatan-mental2112941