Jenis-Jenis Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga

Jenis-Jenis Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga
Credit: Freepik

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Kekerasan dalam rumah tangga (KDRT) adalah kekerasan yang terjadi pada ranah personal, dalam hal ini rumah tangga. Kekerasan rumah tangga bisa dialami siapa saja, baik suami, istri, anak hingga saudara atau orang tua yang tinggal dalam satu rumah. Banyak yang beranggapan bahwa KDRT hanya berbentuk kekerasan fisik semata sehingga sebagain besar pasangan tidak menyadari bahwa apa yang terjadi dalam rumah tangganya termasuk perilaku kekerasan.

Karenanya, penting bagi setiap orang untuk mengenali jenis-jenis kekerasan yang bisa terjadi di rumah tangga. Apa saja jenis kekerasan dalam rumah tangga? Simak ulasannya berikut ini. 

 

Jenis-Jenis Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga

Kekerasan dalam rumah tangga atau KDRT dapat diartikan sebagai segala bentuk penderitaan seperti ancaman, pelecehan dan kekerasan antara dua orang dalam sebuah hubungan pernikahan atau dilakukan kepada anggota keluarga lainnya. Kekerasan tersebut digunakan untuk melukai, meneror, memanipulasi atau memiliki kuasa atas anggota keluarga tersebut. Beberapa jenis kekerasan yang bisa terjadi dalam rumah tangga antara lain:

Kekerasan Fisik

Kekerasan fisik adalah semua jenis perbuatan yang menyebabkan seseorang mengalami rasa sakit, cedera fisik atau luka berat pada tubuh. Kekerasan fisik dilihat dalam kaitannya dengan akibat dari kekerasan yang dilakukan. 

Tindakan yang termasuk dalam kekerasan fisik di antaranya menampar, memukul, menendang, meninju, menggigit, menyekik, menjambak mendorong, menusuk, atau membakar. Mengunci seseorang agar tidak bisa keluar ruangan atau tidak memberikannya makanan dan bantuan ketika sakit juga termasuk ke dalam kekerasan fisik.

Baca Juga: Waspadai Tanda-Tanda Awal Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga

Kekerasan Seksual

Kekerasan seksual mencakup segala bentuk kontak seksual yang dilakukan tanpa persetujuan dari orang lain. Pelecehan seksual juga meliputi segala bentuk kontak seksual antara orang dewasa dengan anak yang berusia di bawah 18 tahun.

Beberapa bentuk kekerasan seksual antara lain:

  • Pemaksaan melakukan sesuatu yang tidak ingin Anda lakukan, termasuk berhubungan seksual atau memaksa hubungan intim tanpa menggunakan alat kontrasepsi.
  • Pasangan menyakiti Anda selama melakukan hubungan seksual.
  • Pasangan menggunakan video atau gambar hubungan seksual untuk memeras Anda.

Kekerasan Psikis

Kekerasan psikis atau emosional adalah salah satu jenis kekerasan yang sering kali terjadi tanpa disadari. Pasalnya bentuk kekerasan psikis tidak dapat dibuktikan secara fisik sehingga lebih sulit terukur.

Namun secara umum, kekerasan psikis atau emosional dapat ditandai dengan adanya kata-kata dan perbuatan yang digunakan seseorang untuk mencaci, memepermalukan dan menjatuhkan harga diri orang lain. Bentuk kekerasan emosional antara lain mengancam, menakut-nakuti, menyumpahi, mengisolasi dirinya, memanipulasi atau mengontrol penuh keadaan orang lain.

Meskipun tidak dapat dibuktikan secara fisik, namun kekerasan psikis memiliki efek yang sama berbahayanya dengan kekerasan fisik atau kekerasan seksual.

Baca Juga: Tanda-Tanda Kekerasan Emosional dalam Hubungan Anda

Penelantaran Rumah Tangga

Seseorang dikatakan melakukan penelantaran rumah tangga jika lalai dalam melakukan kewajiban untuk memberikan nafkah, perawatan dan pemeliharaan pada orang-orang yang wajib ia nafkahi. Bentuk kekerasan ini antara lain tidak menafkahi istri dan anak, juga membatasi seseorang untuk bekerja yang layak sehingga korban terus berada di bawah kendali orang tersebut.

 

Apa yang Harus Dilakukan Jika Menjadi Korban KDRT?

Ketika pertama kali menyadari bahwa Anda mengalami kekerasan dalam rumah tangga, tentu Anda merasa kaget, bingung dan tidak percaya. Banyak korban KDRT yang menyalahkan diri sendiri akibat kekerasan yang ia alami. Namun yang perlu Anda sadari pertama kali adalah berhenti menyalahkan diri sendiri.

Tanamkan pada diri Anda bahwa kekerasan tersebut bukanlah kesalahan Anda dan tidak ada seseorang pun yang berhak mendapat perlakuan buruk. 

Ketika kekerasan terjadi, siapkan bukti-bukti yang kuat mengenai peristiwa yang baru Anda alami. Jika terjadi kekerasan fisik, segera lakukan visum dan pemeriksaan ke dokter. Hal ini dapat menjadi bukti penting bahwa pasangan Anda benar-benar melakukan kekerasan. Simpan bukti pesan yang menunjukkan makian atau ancaman darinya.

    Langkah penting berikutnya yang bisa Anda ambil adalah meminta bantuan dan dukungan dari para ahli. Bila diperlukan, bicarakan masalah Anda dengan psikolog, konselor pernikahan dan pengacara untuk mendapatkan jalan keluar.

     

    Mau tahu tips dan trik kesehatan, pertolongan pertama, dan home remedies lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

     

     

    Writer : Ratih AI Care
    Editor :
    • dr Hanifa Rahma
    Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 05:00

    Komnas Perempuan. Menemukenali Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga. Available from: https://komnasperempuan.go.id/instrumen-modul-referensi-pemantauan-detail/menemukenali-kekerasan-dalam-rumah-tangga-kdrt.

    Plumptre, E. (2022). What Are the Types of Domestic Violence?. Available from: https://www.verywellmind.com/different-types-of-domestic-violence-5119884

    Gupta, S. (2022). What Is Domestic Abuse?. Available from: https://www.verywellmind.com/domestic-abuse-types-causes-and-impact-5324104.

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        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.77msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7440 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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        • 0: 7440
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.68msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1080 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 1080
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • article-popular.blade.php#11aicare_prod_new750μsselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 2 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.63msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4833 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        • 0: 8401
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Bindings
        • 0: 6893
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.72msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6152 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 6152
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.46msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6155 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.99msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5995 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
        • 0: 5995
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Bindings
        • 0: 6148
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Backtrace
        • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
        Backtrace
        • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • web_layout.blade.php#551aicare_prod_new14.71msselect * from `term_policies`
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
        Backtrace
        • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      App\Models\Admin\Post
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      App\Models\Admin\Category
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      App\Models\Admin\Tag
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      App\Models\TermPolicy
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      App\User
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      App\Models\Admin\Page
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