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  • Kenali Penyebab, Gejala dan Cara Penanganan Kusta (Lepra)

Kenali Penyebab, Gejala dan Cara Penanganan Kusta (Lepra)

Kenali Penyebab, Gejala dan Cara Penanganan Kusta (Lepra)
Credit: Freepik

Bagikan :


Penyakit kusta atau lepra adalah gangguan pada kulit yang disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri. Infeksi pada kusta bersifat kronis yang artinya dapat berkembang dalam waktu yang cukup lama. Pengobatan modern saat ini telah berhasil mengatasi penyakit ini namun penularan penyakit ini masih dijumpai di beberapa negara.

 

Apa Itu Penyakit Kusta (Lepra)?

Penyakit kusta dikenal memiliki banyak nama, di antaranya lepra, leprosy dan Hansen’s disease. Kusta adalah penyakit infeksi bakteri yang dapat menyerang kulit, mata dan saraf. Infeksi kusta sering dianggap sebagai penyakit kulit biasa karena menunjukkan gejala infeksi di kulit.

Namun jika kusta tidak ditangani dengan tepat, kondisi ini dapat menyebabkan disabilitas yang signifikan. Penyakit ini diketahui sudah muncul sejak 600 tahun sebelum Masehi. Kini dengan pengobatan modern penyakit kusta sudah dapat diatasi dengan baik meskipun masih dapat dijumpai di beberapa negara.

 

Baca Juga: Terinfeksi Penyakit Menular Seksual, Benarkah Dapat Menyebabkan Kemandulan?

 

Penyebab dan Gejala Penyakit Kusta (Lepra)

Penyakit kusta disebabkan oleh bakteri Mycobacterium leprae. Penyakit ini diduga dapat menyebar melalui kontak dengan sekresi mukosa seseorang yang terinfeksi. Biasanya hal ini terjadi ketika seseorang yang terinfeksi lepra batuk atau bersin.

Meskipun penyakit kusta bukan termasuk penyakit yang mudah menular, namun kontak dekat dan berulang dalam waktu lama dengan pengidap kusta dikhawatirkan dapat menyebabkan seseorang tertular penyakit ini. Sebagai langkah pencegahan, sebaiknya hindari kontak langsung dengan orang yang terinfeksi kusta.

Gejala infeksi kusta biasanya tidak segera muncul ketika pertama kali Anda terinfeksi. Menurut WHO, penyakit kusta dapat mengalami masa inkubasi hingga 5 tahun. Sedangkan gejala dapat bertahan tidak muncul hingga 20 tahun lamanya.

Gejala kusta utamanya dapat memengaruhi kulit, saraf dan mukus. Penyakit ini dapat menyebabkan gejala kulit seperti:

  • Munculnya bercak kulit yang berubah warna menjadi pudar atau lebih terang dari sekitarnya, rata dan terasa mati rasa
  • Muncul nodul atau jaringan tidak normal di kulit
  • Kulit terasa tebal, kaku atau kering
  • Muncul ulkus yang tidak sakit di kaki
  • Kerontokan rambut atau bulu mata

Selain di kulit, penyakit ini juga dapat merusak saraf sehingga menimbulkan gejala seperti:

  • Mati rasa pada area kulit yang terinfeksi
  • Masalah mata yang dapat menyebabkan kebutaan
  • Pembesaran saraf terutama di siku, lutut dan leher

Sedangkan gejala lainnya yang dapat muncul pada membran mukus antara lain hidung meler dan mimisan.

Salah satu hal yang perlu diwaspadai dari penyakit kusta adalah infeksi bakteri dapat menyebabkan kerusakan saraf. Akibatnya pengidap kusta dapat merasakan mati rasa. Saat mati rasa, pasien berisiko tidak merasakan cedera atau luka yang membahayakan tubuh. Untuk itu pasien perlu memberi perhatian ekstra pada bagian yang mati rasa.

 

Baca Juga: Apa Saja Penyebab Kulit Kering, Kasar dan Pecah-Pecah?

 

Penanganan Penyakit Kusta (Lepra)

Ratusan tahun lalu, penyakit kusta sempat mewabah di beberapa wilayah di dunia. Saat ini, penyakit kusta dapat diatasi dengan memberikan antibiotik pada pasien. Beberapa obat antibiotik yang dapat diberikan pada pasien kusta antara lain:

  • Dapsone
  • Rifampin
  • Clofazimine
  • Minocycline
  • Ofloxacin

Dokter dapat meresepkan beberapa antibiotik pada saat yang bersamaan. Dokter juga dapat meresepkan obat anti-peradangan seperti aspirin, prednisone, atau thalidomide. Pengobatan ini dapat berlangsung selama beberapa bulan hingga 1-2 tahun.

Bagi ibu hamil yang mengalami kusta sebaiknya informasikan ke dokter karena beberapa obat kusta dapat menyebabkan cacat janin.

Penyakit kusta adalah penyakit infeksi serius yang dapat menyerang kulit, mukus dan saraf. Dengan pemberian antibiotik yang tepat, gejala kusta dapat diatasi dengan baik. Apabila Anda mengalami penyakit kusta sebaiknya konsultasikan ke dokter. 

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 19:57

Miller, K. (2022). Leprosy (Hansen's Disease). Available from: https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/guide/leprosy-symptoms-treatments-history

CDC. Signs and Symptoms. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/leprosy/symptoms/index.html

Cleveland Clinic, Leprosy (Hansen’s Disease). Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23043-leprosy-hansens-disease

 

Donohue, M. (2019). Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/leprosy

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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.48msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3241 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3241
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.35msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9681 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9681
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.66msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1002 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1002
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.97msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4101 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4101
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.64msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3929 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 9499
      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.59msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9307 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9307
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.55msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8643 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8643
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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