Infeksi Telinga, Bagaimana Cara Mengobatinya

Infeksi Telinga, Bagaimana Cara Mengobatinya

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Infeksi telinga (Otitis media) adalah infeksi yang terjadi pada telinga bagian tengah, di mana saluran eustachius membengkak sehingga menyebabkan cairan menumpuk. Infeksi telinga menimbulkan rasa nyeri dan rasa tidak nyaman di bagian dalam telinga, dan tak jarang juga mengganggu pendengaran.

Infeksi telinga tidak hanya dikeluhkan orang dewasa. Sebagian besar kasus infeksi telinga bahkan dilaporkan lebih sering dikeluhkan anak-anak.

Ada banyak faktor yang menyebabkan anak-anak dan dewasa mengalami infeksi telinga:

Virus dan bakteri

Virus dan bakteri adalah penyebab utama anak-anak ataupun dewasa mengalami infeksi telinga. Virus atau bakteri tersebut biasanya berasal dari penyakit yang sebelumnya diderita, misalnya seperti pilek, flu, dan alergi. Oleh karena saluran eustachius berhubungan dengan tenggorokan, virus atau bakteri penyebab pilek atau flu dapat masuk ke saluran telinga dan menyebabkan infeksi di sana.

Usia

Anak-anak usia 6 bulan - 2 tahun dilaporkan lebih sering mengalami infeksi telinga. Hal ini disebabkan, saluran eustachius pada anak-anak lebih pendek dan sempit. Selain itu, anak-anak juga mudah terserang flu dan pilek, terutama saat berada di ruangan tertutup tanpa perlindungan masker.

Penggunaan botol susu atau empeng

Seperti dilansir Mayoclinic, bayi yang menggunakan empeng atau minum susu dari botol cenderung lebih sering mengalami infeksi telinga ketimbang yang minum ASI langsung.

Kualitas udara yang buruk

Paparan asap rokok, polusi juga meningkatkan potensi infeksi telinga. Seperti yang dijelaskan sebelumnya, saluran telinga terhubung dengan tenggorokan dan hidung, sehingga saat polutan masuk melalui hidung atau tenggorokan, telinga juga dengan mudah ikut terinfeksi.

Pengobatan infeksi telinga

Mengobati infeksi telinga pada orang dewasa tentu lebih mudah ketimbang pada anak-anak. Sebagian keluhan infeksi telinga pada orang dewasa tergolong cukup ringan, sehingga tanpa bantuan obat ia akan sembuh dengan sendirinya. Untuk gejala ringan yang bisa Anda dilakukan di rumah sebagai berikut:

  • Mengompres area belakang telinga dengan air hangat
  • Mengonsumsi ibuprofen atau acetaminophen sebagai pertolongan pertama yang meringankan rasa nyerinya
  • Memberikan obat tetes telinga
  • Mengonsumsi dekongestan untuk melancarkan saluran yang tersumbat

Obat-obatan seperti ibuprofen, acetaminophen, dan dekongestan bisa diperoleh tanpa resep dokter, tetapi apabila dalam tiga hari gejalanya tidak membaik, lakukan konsultasi dengan dokter agar mendapatkan penanganan lebih lanjut.

Penanganan infeksi telinga pada anak-anak berbeda dengan orang dewasa. Keluhan pada anak-anak sebaiknya ditangani langsung oleh dokter anak Anda agar kondisinya tidak memburuk. Terutama apabila keluhan disertai demam tinggi, mengompres dengan air hangat saja tidak akan cukup.

Dikutip dari healthline, infeksi telinga yang dibiarkan tanpa diobati dapat memicu komplikasi penyakit lain, seperti kehilangan pendengaran, gangguan bicara (speech delay) pada anak-anak, infeksi tulang mastoid di tengkorak (mastoidis), infeksi selaput otak (meningitis), hingga pecahnya gendang telinga.

Cara agar terhindari dari infeksi telinga

  • Menggunakan masker ketika berada di luar rumah, terutama saat berada dalam kerumunan atau ruangan tertutup
  • Lakukan kebiasaan mencuci tangan sebelum dan setelah melakukan atau menyentuh sesuatu
  • Ajak anak Anda meninggalkan botol saat minum susu. Mengonsumsi ASI langsung selain mempererat ikatan dengan ibu, juga memberikan banyak sekali manfaat kesehatan lain. Apabila anak tidak mengonsumsi ASI, maka usahakan mengganti botol dengan gelas
  • Jauhi paparan asap rokok dan asap polutan lain
  • Dapatkan vaksinasi sesuai kebutuhan (salah satunya vaksin flu)

 

Writer: Agatha

Edited By: dr. Ayu Munawaroh

Last Updated: 13-Sep-2021

 

Sumber:

  1. Normandin B. Ear Infections (2019). Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/ear-infections.
  2. Mayo Clinic. Ear infection: Middle Ear (2021). Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ear-infections/symptoms-causes/syc-20351616.
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.78msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9975 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        Backtrace
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        Hints
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        • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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