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  • Selain Anjing, Hewan Ini Juga Dapat Menularkan Virus Rabies

Selain Anjing, Hewan Ini Juga Dapat Menularkan Virus Rabies

Selain Anjing, Hewan Ini Juga Dapat Menularkan Virus Rabies

Bagikan :


Penyakit rabies dikenal juga dengan penyakit anjing gila. Penamaan ini muncul karena anjing yang terinfeksi rabies menunjukkan perubahan perilaku seperti mudah marah, agresif, gelisah dan gemar menggigit sesuatu yang tidak tampak (fly biting). Meskipun dikenal dengan nama anjing gila, namun sebenarnya anjing bukanlah satu-satunya hewan yang dapat menularkan virus rabies.

 

Penularan Rabies Pada Manusia

Virus rabies hanya ada pada hewan. Dilansir dari CDC, virus rabies umumnya berasal dari hewan liar yang masuk ke tubuh manusia melalui gigitan hewan yang cukup dalam atau cakaran dari hewan yang terinfeksi.

Virus rabies tidak segera menunjukkan gejala setelah terinfeksi. Masa inkubasi rabies dapat berlangsung mulai dari 30-65 hari setelah tergigit, bahkan ada yang bertahan hingga 1 tahun setelah terpapar.

Pada manusia yang terinfeksi rabies, gejala yang muncul awalnya akan nampak seperti gejala flu. Namun ketika infeksi virus semakin parah, gejala yang muncul antara lain demam, merasa neyri dan rasa terbakar di bekas gigitan, mengalami halusinasi, sulit menelan, insomnia, mengalami paralisis atau sulit menggerakkan badan) dan mengalami agitasi atau mudah gelisah dan marah.

 

Hewan-hewan yang Dapat Menularkan Rabies

Banyak yang beranggapan bahwa virus rabies hanya dapat ditularkan melalui anjing. Namun dilansir dari Mayo Clinic, ada banyak hewan lain yang perlu diwaspadai dapat menularkan virus rabies. Beberapa hewan yang dapat menularkan rabies antara lain:

  • Kelelawar
  • Coyote
  • Rubah
  • Rakun
  • Sigung

Selain hewan di atas, hewan peliharaan seperti anjing, kucing, kelinci dan hewan ternak seperti sapi, kuda dan kambing juga dapat menjadi perantara penularan virus rabies. Virus rabies juga hanya dapat menginfeksi mamalia, oleh karena itu bagi Anda yang memiliki hewan peliharaan mamalia seperti anjing dan kucing perlu waspada akan penularan rabies.

Untuk saat ini di beberapa negara maju virus rabies sudah jarang ditemukan. Namun pada negara berkembang seperti di Indonesia, virus rabies masih bisa ditemukan pada anjing-anjing liar.

 

Tanda-tanda Hewan Mengalami Rabies

Untuk dapat mengenali bahwa hewan mengalami rabies, Anda tidak bisa hanya dengan sekadar melihat perubahan perilakunya. Pasalnya, tidak semua hewan mengidap rabies menunjukkan gejala rabies. Perlu dilakukan pemeriksaan fisik dan tes laboratorium untuk mendiagnosis bahwa hewan tersebut mengalami infeksi rabies.

Dilansir dari AVMA, Anda perlu mewaspadai hewan mengalami rabies apabila menunjukkan gejala berikut:

  • Mudah ketakutan
  • Berperilaku agresif
  • Mengeluarkan liur berlebih
  • Sulit menelan
  • Berjalan terhuyung-huyung
  • Kejang

Pada hewan ternak seperti kuda, kambing dan sapi, ketika mereka terinfeksi rabies juga dapat menunjukkan gejala seperti depresi, takut pada cahaya, dan menunjukkan perilaku yang tidak biasa. Misalnya, jika biasanya hewan tersebut aktif di malam hari, maka ia dapat terlihat berkeliaran ketika siang hari.

Ketika hewan tersebut mengalami infeksi saraf yang lebih serius, maka gejala yang terlihat antara lain hewan tampak benar-benar sakit, suka menggigit sesuatu yang tidak tampak (fly biting) dan tampak lebih jinak biasanya. Apabila Anda melihat hewan yang menunjukkan perilaku demikian maka sebaiknya jaga jarak dengan hewan tersebut dan panggil dokter hewan agar segera dilakukan pemeriksaan.

 

Pencegahan Rabies

Meskipun merupakan penyakit yang serius, namun penyakit rabies adalah penyakit yang dapat dicegah. Untuk pencegahan, hindari kontaminasi air liur hewan liar terutama jika Anda memiliki luka terbuka. Bagi Anda yang memiliki hewan peliharaan sebaiknya segera memberi vaksin untuk mencegah infeksi rabies. Apabila aktivitas sehari-hari Anda memiliki risiko tinggi mengalami rabies maka sebaiknya lakukan vaksinasi rabies untuk mencegah tertular rabies.

 

Ingin tahu informasi kesehatan seputar berbagai penyakit lainnya? Silakan kunjungi laman ini ya!

 

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Anita Larasati Priyono
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 06:06

CDC. (2022). Animals and Rabies. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/rabies/animals/index.html

CDC. (2020). What is Rabies?. Available from:https://www.cdc.gov/rabies/about.html

American Veterinary Medical Association. Rabies and Your Pet. Available from: https://www.avma.org/resources/public-health/rabies-and-your-pet#

Mayo Clinic. Rabies. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/rabies/symptoms-causes/syc-20351821

Mayo Clinic Staff. Animal Bites: First Aid. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-animal-bites/basics/art-20056591

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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.82msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9910 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Backtrace
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
        • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Backtrace
        • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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