Heterokromia, Kelainan Penyebab Warna Mata Berbeda

Heterokromia, Kelainan Penyebab Warna Mata Berbeda
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Terdapat beragam warna mata yang bisa muncul pada manusia, dan tampilan fisik ini dipengaruhi oleh gen mereka. Seseorang bisa memiliki warna mata biru muda, abu-abu, cokelat hingga hitam. Warna mata dipengaruhi oleh jumlah melanin yang ada di iris mata. Melanin sendiri adalah pigmen yang memberi warna tidak hanya pada mata, namun juga rambut dan juga kulit.

Normalnya, kedua mata memiliki warna yang sama. Namun, ada kondisi di mana kedua mata memiliki warna berbeda yang disebut heterokromia.

 

Penyebab Heterokromia

Heterokromia termasuk kelainan yang menyebabkan mata seseorang memiliki warna yang tidak sama. Heterokromia bisa dialami oleh hewan dan juga manusia. Bayi bisa terlahir dengan heterokromia atau baru mengalami heterokromia setelah lahir.

Pada manusia, heterokromia dapat disebabkan oleh berbagai hal berbeda, di antaranya:

  • Faktor genetik
  • Perdarahan atau cedera pada mata
  • Adanya benda asing di dalam mata
  • Glaukoma
  • Pembengkakan pada bagian mata
  • Sindrom Horner
  • Tumor di iris mata
  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Peradangan ringan yang memengaruhi salah satu mata
  • Neurofibromatosis
  • Sindrom Waardenburg

Baca Juga: Tips Menjaga Kesehatan Mata dari Polusi Udara

 

Jenis-Jenis Heterokromia

Heterokromia sendiri dikategorikan menjadi tiga jenis, di antaranya:

Heterokromia iridis

Heterokromia iridis disebut juga heterokromia lengkap, yaitu di mana kedua iris mata memiliki warna yang berbeda. Salah satu mata memiliki warna yang lebih mencolok dari mata lainnya. Dalam sebagian kasus, jenis heterokromia ini dipengaruhi oleh faktor genetik.

Heterokromia iridium

Heterokromia iridium disebut juga heterokromia segmental di mana hanya sebagian iris mata saja yang memiliki warna berbeda. Perbedaan warna bisa berupa bintik-bintik atau sebagian kecil area saja.

Kondisi ini tidak menyebabkan masalah kesehatan. Namun, jika Anda merasa tidak nyaman, Anda bisa memeriksakan diri ke dokter.

Heterokromia sentral

Heterokromia sentral berbeda dengan jenis heterokromia lainnya. Kondisi ini adalah di mana mata memiliki warna yang berbeda di sekitar batas pupil di tengah iris, sementara bagian lain iris tetap memiliki warna yang sama seperti warna mata asli.

Heterokromia sentral dapat terjadi karena adanya perubahan dalam jumlah atau distribusi melanin di sekitar batas pupil. Perbedaan ini dapat menyebabkan cincin berwarna yang terlihat di tengah iris.

Heterokromia sentral sering terjadi sejak lahir dan tidak selalu dipengaruhi riwayat keluarga. Kondisinya sebagian besar jinak dan tidak disebabkan oleh penyakit mata sehingga penglihatan juga tidak terganggu.

Baca Juga: Konjungtivitis (Pink Eye), Penyakit Mata yang Mudah Menular

 

Perlukah Heterokromia Diobati?

Sebagian besar kasus heterokromia tidak memerlukan pengobatan, terutama jika tidak memengaruhi penglihatan. Namun, dalam kasus tertentu, heterokromia dapat menjadi tanda kondisi kesehatan yang mendasari, misalnya seperti glaukoma, sindrom Horner, sindrom Waardenburg atau cedera.

Anda perlu memeriksakan diri ke dokter apabila heterokromia terjadi secara tiba-tiba dan disertai dengan gejala lain seperti nyeri mata dan perubahan penglihatan. Pemeriksaan dapat membantu mengetahui apa yang sedang terjadi, dan membantu dokter merekomendasikan pengobatan dan perawatan.

Anda juga bisa memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan dengan mengunduh aplikasi Ai Care melalui App Store atau Play Store di ponsel Anda.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Jumat, 7 Juli 2023 | 04:21

Mount Sinai. Heterochromia. Available from: https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/symptoms/heterochromia 

Hope Cristol (2023). Heterochromia. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/eye-health/heterochromia-iridis 

David Turbert (2021). Heterochromia. Available from: https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-heterochromia 

Cleveland Clinic (2021). Eye Colors. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/21576-eye-colors 

Valencia Higuera (2019). Central Heterochromia. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/central-heterochromia 

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 2048
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.06msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1803 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1803
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1038 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 8065
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.07msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5225 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5225
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
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