Gusi Berwarna Hitam, Apa Penyebabnya?

Gusi Berwarna Hitam, Apa Penyebabnya?
Credits: Freepik. Gusi dapat berubah warna menjadi hitam akibat beberapa hal.

Bagikan :


Gusi adalah jaringan keras yang mengelilingi dan menunjang gigi. Umumnya, gusi yang sehat memiliki ciri berwarna merah muda, terasa kencang saat disentuh dan tidak mudah berdarah. Namun, sebenarnya warna gusi bisa bervariasi pada setiap orang. Warna kulit menjadi salah satu penyebab perbedaannya.
 
Bagi sebagian orang yang memiliki lebih banyak melanin, adalah normal bila gusinya berwarna gelap. Tubuh secara alami memproduksi melanin dan memberi warna pada kulit, rambut, dan mata. Semakin banyak melamin yang dimiliki seseorang, maka semakin gelap warna rambut, kulit, mata, dan mungkin gusinya. 
 
Namun bila tiba-tiba gusi yang sebelumnya berwarna merah muda kemudian berubah menjadi gelap atau hitam, maka Anda perlu mewaspadainya. 
 
 
 

Penyebab Gusi Berwarna Hitam 

Gusi yang berubah warna menjadi hitam atau tiba-tiba muncul bercak hitam mungkin dipengaruhi oleh kondisi tertentu, di antaranya: 

Kebiasaan Merokok 

Merokok dapat menyebabkan penumpukan melanin di gusi, secara perlahan gusi perokok akan berubah warna menjadi kecoklatan atau kehitaman. Semakin sering merokok, maka semakin gelap pula warna gusi. 
 

Tato Amalgam 

Tato amalgam adalah perubahan warna umum di mulut yang biasanya muncul sebagai bintik-bintik berwarna abu-abu atau kehitaman. Tato amalgam bisa muncul di mana saja di dalam mulut, namun lebih sering muncul di sebelah tambalan gigi.
 
Amalgam adalah campuran logam yang digunakan untuk membuat tambalan dan mahkota gigi. Saat partikel bahan ini terlepas, maka akan menyebabkan munculnya garis di bawah kulit gusi. 
 
 

Gingivitis Ulseratif Nekrotik Akut

Gingivitis ulseratif nekrotik akut adalah infeksi pada gusi yang menyebabkan demam, nyeri pada gusi dan bau mulut. Infeksi ini juga dapat menyebabkan gusi berubah warna menjadi abu-abu atau kehitaman, terutama jika ada lapisan jaringan mati yang menumpuk di atas gusi.
 
Infeksi pada gusi ini biasanya dipicu oleh pertumbuhan cepat bakteri di mulut, seperti radang gusi. Bakteri dapat menumpuk dan membuat kebersihan rongga mulut menjadi lebih buruk. Gejala awal dari infeksi gusi ini adalah gusi berdarah, bau mulut, banyaknya air liur, dan rasa tidak enak di mulut. 
 

Penyakit Addison

Penyakit Addison adalah kondisi kronis di mana kelenjar adrenal tidak menghasilkan cukup hormon kortisol dan aldosteron. Gejala umum dari penyakit Addison adalah kelelahan, perasaan mudah haus, penurunan berat badan yang tidak diketahui penyebabnya, penurunan nafsu makan, dan kelemahan otot. 
 
Seiring dengan berkembangnya penyakit ini, gusi dan bibir akan mulai menghitam. Anda juga mungkin memiliki bercak kulit yang lebih gelap di area tubuh lain, misalnya seperti lutut, buku jari, garis telapak tangan, dan di sekitar bekas luka. 
 

Sindrom Peutz-Jeghers

Sindrom Peutz-Jeghers adalah kondisi genetik yang meningkatkan risiko berkembangnya polip atau kanker. Salah satu gejala awal yang bisa diamati dari penyakit ini adalah munculnya bintik-bintik berwarna biru tua atau coklat tua di mulut, gusi serta kulit jari tangan dan kaki. 
 
Tanpa perawatan medis yang tepat, risiko kanker pada orang dengan sindrom Peutz-Jeghers akan meningkat setinggi 93%, sehingga begitu gejala disadari maka Anda perlu segera memeriksakan diri ke dokter. 
 
 
Perubahan warna pada gusi yang tiba-tiba sebaiknya tidak dibiarkan. Karena mungkin ini adalah gejala dari kondisi tertentu, maka segera dapatkan pemeriksaan dokter. Pemeriksaan dini akan membantu Anda mencari tahu penyebab dan mendapatkan pengobatan. 
 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 
Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Senin, 17 April 2023 | 02:00
Claire Sissons (2018). What causes black gums?. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321466
 
 
Kathi Valeii (2022). Black Gums. Available from: https://www.verywellhealth.com/black-gums-5509450
 
WebMD (2021). What Is an Amalgam Tattoo?. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/oral-health/what-is-an-amalgam-tattoo
 
Cleveland Clinic (2022). Addison's Disease. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15095-addisons-disease
 
Cancer.net (2021). Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome. Available from: https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/peutz-jeghers-syndrome 
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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