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  • Mengenal Gejala, Jenis dan Penyebab Gingivitis (Radang Gusi)

Mengenal Gejala, Jenis dan Penyebab Gingivitis (Radang Gusi)

Mengenal Gejala, Jenis dan Penyebab Gingivitis (Radang Gusi)

Bagikan :


Berbeda dengan gigi, gusi lebih jarang mendapatkan perhatian yang layak, padahal kesehatan gusi juga sama pentingnya dengan gigi.

Gingivitis, misalnya, adalah salah satu penyakit gusi ringan yang disebabkan oleh bakteri dan penumpukan plak di mulut yang menyebabkan infeksi. Gingivitis jarang menimbulkan gejala walau terkadang membuat gusi menjadi bengkak, lunak dan kemerahan ketika mengalami infeksi bakteri.

Gejala gingivitis

Gusi yang sehat umumnya berwarna merah muda dan kencang, serta menempel rapat di permukaan gigi. Ketika gusi mengalami radang atau infeksi, maka gusi akan memiliki gejala di antaranya:

  • Gusi terlihat bengkak dan lebih menggembung
  • Gusi merah kehitaman atau merah tua
  • Gusi mudah berdarah saat Anda menyikat gigi atau menggunakan benang gigi (dental floss)
  • Mulut berbau tidak sedap 
  • Gusi terlihat kendur dan lunak

Jenis-jenis gingivitis

Gingivitis dikenal sebagai jenis penyakit periodontal yang tidak merusak. Namun, gingivitis adalah awal penyakit gusi yang apabila dibiarkan terus menerus tanpa perawatan akan menimbulkan kondisi yang lebih parah.

Gingivitis biasanya dibedakan jenisnya berdasarkan faktor penyebabnya, di antaranya:

  • Mengonsumsi obat-obatan tertentu seperti fenitoin, siklosporin, golongan calcium-channel blocker, kontrasepsi hormonal (pil, suntik, atau implan).
  • Kurangnya kadar vitamin C dalam tubuh
  • Perubahan hormonal, seperti misalnya saat kehamilan atau menopause
  • Mengidap leukemia
  • Logam berat seperti nikel yang ditemukan di sejumlah perhiasan
  • Paparan paparan bismut, yang dapat ditemukan di beberapa bahan kosmetika
  • Sariawan dengan infeksi jamur atau virus tertentu
  • Impaksi gigi yaitu gigi geraham bungsu yang tidak sepenuhnya muncul, di mana lipatan gusi di atas gigi dapat menjebak kotoran yang pada akhirnya menyebabkan gingivitis

Penyebab gingivitis

Penyebab paling umum gingivitis adalah kebersihan mulut yang buruk, yang mendorong terbentuknya plak pada gigi. Bagaimana plak dapat menyebabkan gingivitis? Berikut adalah penjelasannya

Plak terbentuk pada gigi

Plak adalah lapisan lengket yang tidak terlihat, yang sebagian besar terdiri dari bakteri yang terbentuk di gigi ketika pati dan gula di dalam makanan, berinteraksi dengan bakteri di dalam mulut. Plak harus dibersihkan dan diangkat setiap hari dari rongga mulut karena pembentukannya cepat. Apabila plak tidak dibersihkan, maka ia akan menumpuk dan menimbulkan karang gigi (kalkulus).

Plak berubah menjadi karang gigi

Plak yang menumpuk dan menempel pada gigi dapat mengeras di bawah garis gusi dan menjadi karang gigi (kalkulus). Karang gigi menjadi tempat berkumpulnya bakteri. Tartar membuat plak lebih sulit dihilangkan, menciptakan pelindung bagi bakteri dan menyebabkan iritasi di sepanjang garis gusi.

Untuk mencegah peradangan, sebaiknya Anda rutin scaling atau membersihkan karang gigi, setiap 6 bulan sekali.

Gusi yang meradang

Bila karang gigi dibiarkan tanpa perawatan maka ia dapat mengiritasi gingiva (bagian gusi di sekitar pangkal gigi yang menyebabkan peradangan). Seiring waktu, gusi akan menjadi bengkak dan lebih mudah berdarah, terutama saat Anda menyikat gigi.

Penumpukan plak dan karang gigi dapat memicu kerusakan gigi (karies gigi), di mana apabila ini terjadi maka akan berkembang menjadi periodontitis dan pada akhirnya Anda bisa kehilangan gigi.

Ibu hamil, penderita diabetes, perokok, dan Anda yang tidak rutin memeriksakan gigi ke dokter berisiko tinggi mengalami radang gusi. Untuk mencegahnya, sikat gigi dua kali sehari selama 2 menit, kontrol asupan makanan yang tinggi pati dan gula, hindari merokok, dan periksakan gigi setidaknya satu kali dalam setahun atau lebih, terutama bila Anda seringkali mengalami gusi berdarah.

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Anita Larasati Priyono
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 00:33

Erica Hersh and the Healthline Editorial Team (2021). Gingivitis (Gum Disease) Overview. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/gingivitis

Mayo Clinic Staff (2017). Gingivitis. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gingivitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20354453

Tim Newman (2022). Causes and treatment of gingivitis. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/241721

Cleveland Clinic (2020). Gingivitis. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10950-gingivitis-and-periodontal-disease-gum-disease

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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.12msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7920 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.12msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4622 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.38msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5462 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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        • 0: 5462
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
        • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
        Backtrace
        • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      App\Models\Admin\Post
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      App\Models\Admin\Category
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      App\User
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