Kenali Gejala dan Penyebab Osteosarkoma pada Anak

Kenali Gejala dan Penyebab Osteosarkoma pada Anak

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Kanker tulang atau osteosarkoma merupakan salah satu jenis penyakit kanker yang banyak dialami anak-anak dan remaja. Dilansir dari Kids Health, osteosarkoma dapat dialami sekitar 3% dari anak-anak di seluruh dunia. Pada jenis kanker tulang lainnya, kanker dapat menyebar di kerangka, namun pada osteosarkoma, kanker tulang berkembang dari tulang-tulang besar yang tumbuh cepat seperti  tulang paha, tulang kering dan tulang lengan atas.

Penyebab osteosarkoma

Osteosarkoma terjadi ketika DNA di sel pembentuk tulang mengalami mutasi. Mutasi ini menyebabkan sel yang seharusnya membentuk tulang membentuk tulang lain yang tidak dibutuhkan untuk tumbuh. Akibatnya, munculah tumor yang terdapat pada sel tulang dan berpotensi menyebabkan kerusakan pada sel sehat tubuh lainnya. Sel yang bersifat kanker ini juga dapat menyebar ke bagian tubuh lain sehingga menyebabkan masalah kesehatan lainnya.

Hingga saat ini belum dapat diketahui penyebab osteosarkoma, namun dilansir dari WebMD, paparan radiasi terhadap salah satu anggota tubuh diduga dapat menjadi pemicu munculnya kanker tulang. Anak-anak yang pernah mendapat terapi radiasi sebelumnya juga memiliki risiko untuk mengalami kanker tulang. Selain itu, anak-anak yang pernah mengalami kelainan tulang dan menderita kelainan genetik juga termasuk dalam faktor risiko anak mengalami kanker tulang.

Anak-anak dengan jenis kelamin pria, berusia anak-anak hingga remaja serta memiliki tinggi badan di atas rata-rata juga merupakan faktor risiko mengalami kanker tulang atau osteosarkoma.

Gejala Osteosarkoma

Gejala kanker tulang tergantung pada ukuran dan lokasi tulang yang terkena tumor serta usia anak dan kondisi anak secara keseluruhan. Dilansir dari laman Kementerian Kesehatan, beberapa gejala kanker tulang yang umum adalah:

  • Nyeri tulang, terutama saat malam hari atau setelah beraktivitas
  • Berjalan pincang
  • Nyeri tulang atau sendi yang sering hilang dan muncul tiba-tiba
  • Bengkak, kemerahan dan teraba hangat di daerah yag nyeri
  • Mudah patah tulang setelah aktivitas rutin bahkan tanpa terjadinya trauma
  • Sulit gerak atau gerak terbatas pada bagian yang mengalami kanker
  • Nyeri punggung yang persisten
  • Demam, cepat lelah
  • Penurunan berat badan secara drastis, pucat
  • Wajah pucat

 

Apabila anak-anak mengalami gejala osteosarkoma seperti di atas, sebaiknya segera periksakan ke dokter untuk segera mendapat penanganan. Dokter umumnya akan melakukan pemeriksaan fisik dan melakukan wawancara terkait riwayat penyakit dan terapi yang pernah dialami anak.

Untuk menegakkan diagnosis, dokter juga akan melakukan pemeriksaan penunjang seperti pemindaian dengan USG, CT scan atau MRI dan pengambilan jaringan (biopsi) untuk memastikan apakah jaringan bersifat ganas atau tidak.

Setelah mendapat diagnosis yang tepat maka dokter akan merekomendasikan beberapa pilihan terapi sesuai jenis kanker yang dialami dan kondisi kesehatan anak. Deteksi dini dan pengobatan yang tepat dan rutin, meningkatkan kemungkinan anak untuk sembuh dari osteosarkoma akan cukup besar.

Kids Health. (2017). Osteosarcoma. Available from: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/cancer-osteosarcoma.html

Cancer. (2020). Osetosarcoma - Childhood and Adolesence: Symptoms and Signs. Available from: https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/osteosarcoma-childhood-and-adolescence/symptoms-and-signs

WebMD. (2020). Osteosarcoma. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/cancer/what-is-osteosarcoma#

Kementerian Kesehatan. (2019). Apa Saja Gejala dan Tanda Osteosarkoma? Available from: http://p2ptm.kemkes.go.id/infographic-p2ptm/penyakit-kanker-dan-kelainan-darah/apa-saja-gejala-dan-tanda-osteosarkoma

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.9msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7026 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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        #12025-04-14 18:13:14GET/penyakit/gejala-dan-penyebab-osteosarkoma-pada-anak2113156