Bronkitis, Kenali Gangguan Saluran Napas Ini Lebih Jauh

Bronkitis, Kenali Gangguan Saluran Napas Ini Lebih Jauh

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Mungkin Anda pernah mendengar mengenai bronkitis sebelumnya. Sebenarnya bronkitis itu apa, sih? Bronkitis adalah gangguan saluran napas, disebabkan oleh adanya peradangan pada bronkus, yaitu saluran yang dilalui udara dan keluar-masuk paru-paru. Peradangan jangka pendek pada saluran bronkus disebut juga bronkitis akut, dengan gejala biasanya dirasakan dalam jangka waktu 7-14 hari, bisa berlangsung sampai 1 bulan. Peradangan jangka panjang pada saluran bronkus disebut bronkitis kronis, dimana gejala telah berlangsung lebih dari 3 bulan.

Gejala bronkitis

Dilansir Mayo Clinic, berikut adakah gejala yang dialami saat adanya peradangan di saluran bronkus baik akut maupun kronis:

  • Batuk berdahak dengan produksi lendir yang berlebihan
  • Pilek
  • Sakit tenggorokan
  • Kelelahan
  • Napas pendek
  • Demam ringan dan menggigil
  • Rasa tidak nyaman di dada

Bronkitis akut biasanya disebabkan oleh infeksi virus dan dapat sembuh sendiri. Antibiotik tidak akan dapat mengobati infeksi virus karena antibiotik hanya dapat mengatasi keluhan yang diakibatkan infeksi bakteri. Selain virus, kebiasaan merokok, polusi udara, debu, dan gas beracun juga dapat memicu peradangan pada saluran bronkus.

Faktor risiko

Kebiasaan hidup sangat mempengaruhi infeksi saluran bronkus baik akut maupun kronis. Seperti dilansir Verywellhealth, berikut adalah beberapa faktor yang dapat meningkatkan risiko bronkitis:

  • Kebiasaan merokok
  • paparan zat kimia
  • Polusi
  • Lingkungan perkotaan
  • Kebersihan tempat tinggal

Risiko bronkitis meningkat pada perokok aktif maupun pasif, terutama pada beberapa orang berikut:

  • Usia lanjut
  • Paparan polusi udara, termasuk asap rokok
  • Adanya riwayat penyakit paru-paru di keluarga
  • Penyakit pernapasan pada anak
  • GERD

Cara mencegah bronkitis

Ada beberapa hal yang bisa dilakukan untuk mencegah bronkitis sebagai berikut:

  • Menghindari kebiasaan merokok dan asap rokok
  • Mendapatkan vaksin flu dan pneumonia
  • Kebiasaan mencuci tangan
  • Menggunakan masker medis
  • Hindari polusi atau benda yang dapat menyebabkan reaksi alergi

Pengobatan

Karena umumnya bronkitis disebabkan oleh virus, maka Anda tidak akan mendapatkan antibiotik dalam resep obat yang diberikan dokter. Namun, bila hasil pemeriksaan yang dilakukan dokter atau dari pemeriksaan lainnya menunjukkan ada tanda infeksi bakteri, maka dokter akan meresepkan antibiotik.  Obat alergi mungkin akan diberikan apabila hasil tes menunjukkan adanya reaksi alergi. Selain itu, karena gejala dari bronkitis adalah batuk berdahak yang produktif, obat-obat untuk memecahkan dahak dan melegakan saluran napas biasanya juga akan diberikan.

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 20:37

Mayo Clinic Staff (2017). Bronchitis. Available from:https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bronchitis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355572

Moawad H. Causes and Risk Factors of Bronchitis (2021). Available from: https://www.verywellhealth.com/bronchitis-causes-and-risk-factors-4164112

Singh A, Avula A, Zahn E (2021). Acute Bronchitis. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448067/

Widysanto A, Mathew G (2021). Chronic Bronchitis. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482437/

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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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