Perbedaan Bronkitis dengan Pneumonia, Kenali Gejalanya

Perbedaan Bronkitis dengan Pneumonia, Kenali Gejalanya
Ilustrasi gejala batuk yang bisa muncul pada bronkitis dan pneumonia. Credit: Freepik

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Bronkitis dan pneumonia adalah penyakit yang menyerang sistem pernapasan. Banyak orang sulit membedakan kedua jenis penyakit ini karena memiliki gejala yang mirip yaitu batuk dan hingga sesak napas. Namun sebenarnya kedua penyakit ini merupakan dua penyakit yang berbeda. Apa saja perbedaan bronkitis dan pneumonia? Simak ulasannya berikut ini.

 

Perbedaan Definisi Bronkitis dan Pneumonia

Jika dilihat dari keluhan yang muncul, beberapa gejala bronkitis mirip dengan pneumonia. Kedua penyakit ini juga bisa disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri dan virus. Namun, bagian saluran napas yang diserang pada kedua penyakit ini berbeda. Berikut adalah perbedaan antara bronkitis dan pneumonia:

Bronkitis

Bronkitis mengacu pada kondisi peradangan yang terjadi pada bagian saluran napas bernama bronkus. Bronkus adalah perpanjangan dari trakea dan berperan untuk mengantarkan udara ke dalam paru. Normalnya, saluran napas akan menghasilkan lendir sebagai mekanisme pertahanan saluran napas terhadap debu dan partikel asing yang ikut terhirup saat bernapas. Lendir itu akan menangkap zat asing agar tidak menyebabkan peradangan pada saluran napas.

Pada bronkitis, peradangan yang terjadi akan menimbulkan pembengkakan dan produksi lendir yang berlebihan di bronkus. Kondisi ini membuat penderita bronkitis mengalami batuk, dan keluhan batuknya bisa berlangsung beberapa hari hingga berbulan-bulan.

Bronkitis dapat dibagi menjadi dua berdasarkan durasi penyakitnya, yaitu:

  • Bronkitis akut, kondisi peradangan bronkus yang umumnya berlangsung dalam 1-3 minggu
  • Bronkitis kronis, peradangan kronis pada bronkus yang ditandai dengan batuk berdahak selama 3 bulan dalam setahun selama minimal 2 tahun berturut-turut, dan penderita berisiko mengalami penyakit paru obstruktif kronis (PPOK)

Pneumonia

Pneumonia adalah infeksi pada saluran napas bagian bawah yaitu paru. Infeksi bisa disebabkan bakteri, virus dan jamur. Terdapat banyak kantung udara (alveolus) pada organ paru yang terisi udara ketika Anda bernapas. Pada pneumonia, infeksi menyebabkan kantung udara tersebut meradang dan terisi cairan, sehingga menimbulkan gejala sesak napas. Pneumonia dapat terjadi pada salah satu atau kedua paru. 

Baca Juga: Tak Hanya Demam, Ini Gejala Pneumonia di China yang Perlu Anda Ketahui

 

Perbedaan Gejala serta Penanganan Bronkitis dan Pneumonia

Bronkitis

Gejala bronkitis bisa berlangsung dalam waktu beberapa minggu atau lebih. Batuk adalah gejala utama dari bronkitis, umumnya berdahak berwarna bening, kekuningan, hijau atau pada kondisi tertentu bisa disertai bercak darah. Beberapa gejala bronkitis lainnya, yaitu:

  • Kelelahan
  • Pilek
  • Sakit tenggorokan
  • Hidung tersumbat
  • Demam dan menggigil
  • Pegal-pegal
  • Sakit kepala ringan
  • Sesak napas

Kebanyakan kasus bronkitis akut dapat membaik dengan sendirinya tanpa pengobatan dalam beberapa minggu. Pengobatan pada kasus bronkitis akan disesuaikan dengan penyebabnya. Contohnya, bila tinggi kemungkinan bronkitis disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri, maka dokter bisa meresepkan antibiotik. Pengobatan lain juga bisa diberikan untuk meredakan keluhan yang dirasakan.

Baca Juga: Kenali Tanda dan Gejala Pneumonia pada Anak

Pneumonia

Sama seperti bronkitis, pengobatan pada pneumonia akan diberikan sesuai dengan kemungkinan mikroba penyebab, apakah itu bakteri, virus atau jamur. Selain itu, pasien juga bisa mendapat terapi oksigen bila pasien tidak bisa bernapas sendiri secara adekuat. Jika kondisi pneumonia yang dialami cukup parah, dokter dapat merujuk pasien untuk menjalani rawat inap. 

 

Bronkitis dan pneumonia mungkin saja menunjukkan gejala yang mirip, namun keduanya membutuhkan pengobatan yang berbeda. Jika Anda sudah mengalami batuk yang tidak kunjung sembuh dan disertai keluhan lain seperti demam atau sesak, maka sebaiknya periksakan ke dokter. Anda juga bisa memanfaatkan fitur konsultasi pada aplikasi Ai Care yang dapat diunduh di ponsel. 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Selasa, 5 Desember 2023 | 09:01

WebMD Editorial. (2022). Is It Bronchitis or Pneumonia?. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/lung/is-it-bronchitis-or-pneumonia

Zimlich, R. (2023). Is It Bronchitis or Pneumonia?. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/bronchitis-vs-pneumonia

Villines, Z. (2023). Is it bronchitis or pneumonia?. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/327431

Mayo Clinic. Bronchitis. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bronchitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20355566

Cleveland Clinic. Bronchitis. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/3993-bronchitis

Mayo Clinic. Pneumonia. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pneumonia/symptoms-causes/syc-20354204

Cleveland Clinic. (2021). Bronchitis vs. Pneumonia: How to Tell the Difference. Available from: https://health.clevelandclinic.org/bronchitis-vs-pneumonia/

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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