Bisakah Polusi Udara Menyebabkan Sakit Kepala?

Bisakah Polusi Udara Menyebabkan Sakit Kepala?
Ilustrasi pria yang memakai masker di tengah udara yang buruk. Credit: Freepik.

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Saat ini tingkat polusi ditemukan semakin meningkat pada banyak kota di Indonesia. Polusi terutama yang dikaitkan dengan perubahan iklim, memiliki beberapa efek seperti gangguan pernapasan, iritasi mata, penurunan kualitas tidur, hingga penyakit kronis seperti asma, penyakit paru obstruktif kronis (PPOK) dan peningkatan risiko kanker paru.

Tahukah Anda, bahwa selain menyebabkan gangguan pernapasan, polusi udara juga dapat menyebabkan keluhan seperti sakit kepala? Baca artikel ini untuk tahu lebih lanjut.

 

Benarkah Polusi Udara dapat Menyebabkan Sakit Kepala?

Saat ini semakin banyak orang yang memperhatikan bagaimana efek polusi udara terhadap kesehatan manusia, terutama kondisi medis dan gejala yang dapat ditimbulkannya. Udara yang kita hirup dewasa ini semakin kurang segar karena banyaknya polutan yang mencemari lingkungan, seperti asap kendaraan bermotor, gas hasil industri, asap kebakaran hutan, dan lain-lain.

Dilansir dari Medical News Today, sebuah penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa polusi udara yang yang mengandung particulate matter (PM) berukuran tertentu sering dikaitkan dengan riisko migrain. PM adalah partikel berukuran sangat kecil yang mudah terhirup dan memasuki tubuh manusia. Menjadi suatu masalah bila partikel-partikel ini banyak ditemukan di udara. Tidak hanya itu, dari penelitian yang dilakukan di Taiwan dan Korea Selatan, PM juga dikaitkan dengan meningkatnya jumlah orang yang mencari pengobatan karena sakit kepala sebelah.

Baca Juga: Memahami Indeks Kualitas Udara, Kapan Waktu yang Aman untuk Olahraga Outdoor?

Bau tidak sedap dari polusi dan limbah udara beracun yang terus terhirup dapat memicu sakit kepala pada beberapa orang yang rentan mengalami nyeri kepala dan terutama pada orang yang memiliki riwayat migrain. Para peneliti masih berusaha memahami bagaimana kualitas udara bisa memicu atau memperparah keluhan sakit kepala.

Diduga, beberapa polutan udara tertentu dapat memicu jalur hantaran saraf yang terlibat dalam proses sakit kepala, atau terjadi proses peradangan yang memicu munculnya sakit kepala. Di hidung kita terdapat saraf penghidu, dan polutan udara yang terhirup bisa memicu proses inflamasi atau peradangan dan pelepasan zat-zat inflamasi. Bagi Anda yang cukup sensitif dengan bebauan, sakit kepala Anda mungkin muncul karena stimulasi langsung polutan udara pada saraf olfaktorius yang terhubung dari bagian belakang hidung pada otak.

Polusi udara yang mengganggu bukan hanya limbah gas dari industri besar namun juga industri kecil. Pada orang yang memiliki gangguan sakit kepala, menghirup gas beracun, apa pun jenisnya dapat memperparah respon saraf sehingga menyebabkan sakit kepala. Hal ini disebabkan oleh kandungan pada polusi udara seperti ozon dan karbon monoksida yang berbahaya bagi sistem pernapasan dan kerja otak.

Meskipun penelitiannya masih terbatas, namun ahli berpendapat bahwa sakit kepala dapat disebabkan oleh stres oksidatif akibat polusi. Stres oksidatif terjadi akibat penumpukan oksigen reaktif dalam sel, dan sistem pertahanan tubuh tidak mampu sepenuhnya membersihkan penumpukan tersebut dengan baik. Stres oksidatif menyebabkan perubahan kimiawi di otak yang dapat meningkatkan sensitivitas sel saraf, sehingga tercetus serangan migrain pada individu.

Semua jenis polutan udara utama, termasuk particulate matter dan polutan gas, dapat menyebabkan stres oksidatif. Namun, masih sedikit bukti yang mendukung hubungan langsung antara polusi udara, stres oksidatif, dan migrain dan perlu penelitian lebih lanjut.

Baca Juga: Bahaya Polusi Udara bagi Kesehatan Jantung

 

Bagaimana Mencegah Sakit Kepala Akibat Polusi Udara?

Walaupun diduga terdapat kaitan antara polusi udara dengan timbulnya sakit kepala, namun polusi tidak menjadi satu-satunya faktor utama yang dapat memicu sakit kepala. Ada banyak hal yang dapat mencetuskan sakit kepala.

Jika Anda tinggal di lokasi yang berpolusi udara tinggi dan memiliki riwayat sakit kepala, sebaiknya catat kapan serangan sakit kepala datang dan mencari tahu kemungkinan pemicunya. Apabila faktor kualitas udara yang buruk menjadi pemicunya, maka beberapa hal yang bisa Anda lakukan antara lain:

  • Membatasi aktivitas di luar rumah
  • Menutup pintu dan jendela rumah ketika polusi udara tinggi
  • Menggunakan penyaring udara di rumah untuk meningkatkan kualitas udara di rumah

Selain faktor di atas, Anda juga perlu waspada akan faktor pemicu migrain lainnya seperti tekanan udara, suhu, paparan sinar matahari dan kelembapan udara.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Kamis, 10 Agustus 2023 | 07:19

Michelson, A. (2023). Is Air Pollution to Blame for Your Headache?. Available from: https://www.verywellhealth.com/air-pollution-headache-7566891

Garg, D., Mehndiratta, M. M., Wasay, M., & Aggarwal, V. (2022). Air Pollution and Headache Disorders. Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology25(Suppl 1), S35–S40. Available from: https://doi.org/10.4103/aian.aian_1138_21

Geesler, K. (2023). Why Climate Chane Might Be Affecting Your HEadache. Available from: https://www.pennmedicine.org/news/news-blog/2023/may/headache-and-climate-change

Meissner, M. (2022). Does pollution cause migraine attacks?. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/migraine-and-pollution

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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.46msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2665 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2665
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.2msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7825 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7825
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.43msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4641 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4641
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.37msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1235 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1235
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#11aicare_prod_new750μsselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 5 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 5
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.11msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 23 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 23
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.03msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 10059 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 10059
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.05msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9871 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9871
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.06msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 10007 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 10007
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
    3TermPolicy.php#?
    App\User
    2User.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Page
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    App\Models\Admin\Faq
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