Sering Dikira Sama, Ini Beda Hipoksia dan Hipoksemia

Sering Dikira Sama, Ini Beda Hipoksia dan Hipoksemia

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Istilah hipoksia semakin marak dibicarakan ketika kondisi ini menjadi salah satu komplikasi Covid-19. Kondisi ini terjadi ketika turunnya kadar oksigen dalam darah dan dapat menyebabkan menurunnya fungsi tubuh yang mengakibatkan kematian. Selain hipoksia, dikenal juga kondisi hipoksemia dimana kadar oksigen dalam darah juga berada di tingkat rendah. Lalu, apa bedanya antara hipoksia dan hipoksemia?

 

Perbedaan antara hipoksemia dan hipoksia

Sama-sama menunjukkan kadar oksigen dalam tubuh rendah, hipoksia sering disamakan dengan kondisi hipoksemia. Baik hipoksia maupun hipoksemia ini seringkali terjadi bersamaan meskipun tak selalu. Keduanya merupakan kondisi yang berbeda dan membutuhkan penanganan yang berbeda. Dilansir dari Healthline, berikut ini perbedaan hipoksia dan hipoksemia:

1. Hipoksia

Hipoksia adalah rendahnya kadar oksigen dalam jaringan tubuh karena kurangnya kadar oksigen yang ada di udara. Hipoksia dapat berbahaya bagi jaringan tubuh karena proses biologis dalam jaringan tubuh akan terganggu.

2. Hipoksemia

Sedangkan hipoksemia adalah kondisi dimana kadar oksigen dalam darah terbilang rendah, khususnya di pembuluh darah. Kondisi hipoksemia dapat menyebabkan hipoksia, yaitu ketika darah tidak membawa oksigen yang cukup untuk kebutuhan jaringan tubuh.

Ketika saturasi oksigen berada diangka 92% hal itu menunjukkan potensi untuk terjadinya hipoksemia. Saat hipoksemia berlanjut ke organ tubuh, maka kadar oksigen dalam organ tubuh juga akan berkurang dan mengacaukan sistem metabolisme. Kondisi ini yang akan berlanjut menjadi hipoksia. Terkadang istilah hipoksia sering digunakan untuk menyebut kondisi keduanya.

 

Gejala hipoksemia dan hipoksia

Baik hipoksemia dan hipoksia memiliki gejala yang bervariasi antara satu pasien dengan yang lain. Dikutip dari WebMD, beberapa gejala hipoksia dan hipoksemia di antaranya perubahan warna kulit, kebingunan, batuk, detak jantung cepat dan kesulitan bernapas, serta napas pendek-pendek. Pada beberapa orang, kondisi ini dapat ditandai dengan mengi dan berkeringat.

Kondisi hipoksia dan hipoksemia tidak hanya bisa dialami oleh pasien Covid-19 saja, namun juga pada penyakit pernapasan seperti gangguan jantung dan paru-paru. Selain itu, anemia berat juga dapat menyebabkan hipoksemia.

 

Penanganan hipoksemia dan hipoksia

Untuk mengetahui kondisi oksigen dalam darah bisa dilakukan dengan pemeriksaan gas darah, pengukuran dengan oximeter, serta tes pernapasan menggunakan mesin. Dalam pengukuran dengan oksimeter, kadar oksigen dinyatakan normal jika berada di antara 95%-100% sedangkan pada pengukuran gas darah, kadar oksigen dinyatakan normal jika hasil tes menunjukkan angka 80-100 mmHg.

Karena kondisi hipoksemia dan hipoksia menunjukkan kadar oksigen yang rendah, maka terapi yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kadar oksigen. Terapi oksigen yang diberikan di antaranya menggunakan selang melalui hidung yang terhubung dengan kaleng oksigen atau masker yang menutupi hidung dan mulut. Terapi oksigen bisa didapatkan di fasilitas kesehatan atau rumah sakit.

Hipoksemia juga dapat disebabkan oleh penyakit lain seperti asma atau pneumonia. Apabila hipoksemia disebabkan karena penyakit lain, dokter akan menangani penyakit tersebut untuk mengatasi hipoksemia.

Hipoksemia dapat disebabkan oleh berbagai kondisi. Agar tidak menyebabkan hipoksia dan kerusakan organ lainnya, segera periksakan ke dokter jika mengalami gejala napas pendek-pendek atau sulit bernapas.

 

Ditulis oleh Ratih | Diulas secara medis oleh dr. Nadia Opmalina | Diperbarui pada 3 November 2021.

Sumber : 

  1. Jill Seladi-S. What Is Hypoxemia? (2019). Available from : Hypoxemia: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments (healthline.com)
  2. Ana Gotter. Pulse Oxymetry: Purpose, Uses, and How to Take a Reading (2021). Available from : https://www.healthline.com/health/pulse-oximetry
  3. Carol DerSarkissian, MD. Hypoxia and Hypoxemia (2020). Available from : Hypoxia and Hypoxemia: Symptoms, Treatment, Causes (webmd.com) 
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.47msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 715 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 715
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Post
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        #12025-04-25 05:08:52GET/penyakit/beda-hipoksia-dan-hipoksemia2113041