Mengenal Bahaya Etilen Oksida bagi Kesehatan

Mengenal Bahaya Etilen Oksida bagi Kesehatan
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Belakangan ini, temuan sisa pestisida pada makanan kemasan tengah menjadi isi hangat di masyarakat Indonesia. Beberapa makanan ditengarai mengandung residu etilen oksida melebihi batas jumlah yang diperbolehkan. Apa fungsi etilen oksida pada makanan dan bagaimana bahayanya bagi kesehatan?

 

Apa Itu Etilen Oksida?

Etilen oksida adalah gas yang tidak berwarna, berbau manis dan mudah terbakar pada suhu ruangan. Gas ini banyak dijumpai dalam industri, dan yang paling populer adalah etilen glikol, yaitu senyawa anti pembekuan yang banyak dijumpai dalam radiator mobil atau bahan baku pembuatan serat poliester.

Fungsi lain etilen oksida adalah berfungsi sebagai fumigan, yaitu bahan kimia untuk mengendalikan hama yang digunakan dengan alat dan teknik tertentu sehingga fumigan membentuk asap atau gas. Biasanya teknik fumigasi (pengendalian hama dengan fumigan) digunakan untuk mengendalikan hama pada struktur bangunan dan industri makanan.

Dilansir dari Food Standards, penggunaan etilen oksida sebagai pestisida pada makanan dulunya dianggap tidak berbahaya. Karena sifatnya yang mudah menguap, residu pestisida akan menguap dengan sendirinya seiring waktu.

Namun sejumlah peneltian mengungkapkan bahaya etilen oksida pada makanan. Kini, beberapa negara tidak mengizinkan penggunaan etilen oksida pada industri makanan karena residu pestisida tersebut tetap ada pada makanan hingga saat dikonsumsi. Paparan residu pestisida diketahui dapat memicu berbagai penyakit pernapasan hingga kanker.

 

Bahaya Etilen Oksida bagi Kesehatan

Penggunaan etilen oksida memiliki sejumlah risiko kesehatan pada manusia. Dilansir dari CDC, kontak langsung dengan etilen oksida dengan cara menghirup atau terpapar langsung di kulit dapat menyebabkan masalah kesehatan berikut:

  • Sakit kepala
  • Mual
  • Muntah
  • Diare
  • Sesak napas
  • Badan mudah lelah
  • Kulit dan mata terbakar
  • Gangguan reproduksi
  • Kerusakan kulit akibat paparan suhu dingin (frostbite)

Selain masalah kesehatan di atas, paparan etilen oksida juga dapat menimbulkan risiko kanker. Meskipun belum ada penelitian yang membuktikan bahwa paparan etilen oksida tersebut dapat menyebabkan kanker, namun dilansir dari NSW Health, WHO telah mengklasifikasikan etilen oksida sebagai zat yang bersifat karsinogen dan dapat menyebabkan kanker.

Dilansir dari Enviromental Protection Agency (EPA), sering menghirup etilen oksida dapat menyebabkan risiko kanker limfohematopoietik seperti leukemia dan limfoma. Selain itu, risiko kanker payudara dan perut juga sering dikaitkan dengan paparan etilen oksida.

Untuk mengetahui apakah seseorang terpapar kandungan etilen oksida, perlu dilakukan tes darah dan tes pernapasan untuk menguji apakah terdapat kandungan etilen oksida dalam darah. Namun tes ini tidak dapat digunakan untuk mengukur risiko etilen oksida pada tubuh Anda.

Meskipun tubuh Anda sudah tidak mengandung pestisida tersebut, namun paparan etilen oksida dapat meyebabkan tubuh Anda mengalami kerusakan. Oleh karena itu, jika Anda bekerja di lingkungan yang terkespos zat kimia berbahaya pastikan selalu menggunakan alat pelindung diri sesuai ketentuan.

Begitu juga halnya jika Anda mengalami gangguan pencernaan akibat mengonsumsi makanan atau minuman tertentu, sebaiknya segera periksakan ke dokter untuk dilakukan pemeriksaan lebih lanjut.

 

 

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Anita Larasati Priyono
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 03:08

CDC. Ethylene Oxide. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ethyleneoxide/default.html#

National Cancer Institute. Ethylene Oxide. Available from: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/substances/ethylene-oxide

United States Enviromental Protection Agency. Frequent Questions: Health Information About Ethylene Oxide. Available from: https://www.epa.gov/hazardous-air-pollutants-ethylene-oxide/frequent-questions-health-information-about-ethylene-oxide

Food Standards Australia New Zealand. Ethylene Oxide. Available from: https://www.foodstandards.gov.au/consumer/chemicals/Pages/Ethylene-oxide.aspx

 

NSW Health. Ethylene Oxide. Available from: https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/environment/factsheets/Pages/ethlyene-oxide.aspx

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        Backtrace
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Bindings
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • web_layout.blade.php#547aicare_prod_new760μsselect * from `faqs` limit 1
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
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        Backtrace
        • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • web_layout.blade.php#551aicare_prod_new1.09msselect * from `term_policies`
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
        Backtrace
        • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      App\Models\Admin\Category
      15Category.php#?
      App\Models\Admin\Post
      10Post.php#?
      App\Models\TermPolicy
      3TermPolicy.php#?
      App\User
      2User.php#?
      App\Models\Admin\Tag
      1Tag.php#?
      App\Models\Admin\Page
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      App\Models\Admin\Faq
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          #12025-04-11 17:30:27GET/gaya-hidup/mengenal-bahaya-etilen-oksida-bagi-kesehatan102533