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Ciri Saturasi Oksigen Rendah pada Pasien Isolasi Mandiri COVID-19 yang Perlu Diketahui

Ciri Saturasi Oksigen Rendah pada Pasien Isolasi Mandiri COVID-19 yang Perlu Diketahui

Bagikan :


Sebagian besar pasien COVID-19 yang bergejala ringan atau tanpa gejala dianjurkan untuk menjalani isolasi mandiri (isoman) di rumah. Bagi pasien yang menjalani isoman, penting untuk memantau kondisi diri sendiri selama menjalani isoman. Salah satu yang penting untuk diamati adalah saturasi oksigen, yaitu persentase kadar oksigen yang terikat dengan Hemoglobin (Hb) atau zat merah darah.

 

Cara mengukur Saturasi Oksigen

Saturasi oksigen menggambarkan persentase kadar oksigen yang terikat dengan Hemoglobin (Hb) atau zat merah darah. Hemoglobin di dalam sel darah merah mengikat dan membawa oksigen untuk kemudian diedarkan ke seluruh tubuh. Ketika saturasi oksigen dalam darah berkurang, maka fungsi biologis dalam jaringan tubuh juga akan berkurang. Pada pasien COVID-19 yang menjalani isoman, penting juga untuk terus memantau kadar gula darah untuk mencegah perburukan.

Untuk mengukur kadar oksigen dalam darah bisa dilakukan dalam dua cara, yaitu menggunakan tes analisis gas darah (AGD) dan menggunakan alat pulse oximeter. Tes AGD membutuhkan pemeriksaan laboratorium sedangkan yang lainnya hanya membutuhkan alat pulse oximeter. Itulah sebabnya WHO menganjurkan pasien yang sedang isoman untuk memiliki alat pulse oximeter sendiri di rumah.

Dengan alat pulse oximeter, Anda hanya perlu menjepitkan jari pada alat pulse oximeter, lalu alat akan menunjukkan saturasi oksigen dan denyut nadi per menit (bpm). Normalnya, saturasi oksigen pada orang yang sehat ialah 99-100%. Saturasi oksigen Anda dianggap baik jika berada di kisaran angka 95% atau lebih, sedangkan ketika saturasi Anda di bawah 92% maka pertanda Anda kekurangan oksigen dan perlu segera mendapatkan penanganan dengan tepat. Jika tidak ditangani dengan tepat, menurunnya kadar oksigen dalam darah bisa menyebabkan komplikasi seperti sesak, gagal napas dan hingga kematian.

 

Ciri-ciri rendahnya angka Saturasi Oksigen

Rendahnya kadar oksigen dalam darah dapat ditunjukkan dengan gejala seperti sesak napas, sakit kepala, pusing, napas tersengal-sengal, kebingungan dan detak jantung meningkat. Kadar oksigen dalam darah rendah dapat ditandai dengan kesulitan bernapas, kebingungan, lemah, dan tampak sediki kebiruan di wajah dan bibir. Pada dewasa, gejala ini mungkin dapat disertai nyeri dada yang tidak kunjung hilang. Sedangkan pada pasien happy hypoxia kondisi ini dapat terjadi tanpa gejala.

Ketika Anda mengalami gejala tersebut, segera periksa kadar oksigen dengan menggunakan pulse oximeter. Apabila berada di bawah 93 persen, maka perlu segera mendapat bantuan oksigen.

 

Penanganan pasien Covid-19 dengan kadar saturasi rendah

Dengan berpedoman pada CDC, jika pasien menunjukkan saturasi oksigen di bawah 90 persen maka pasien membutuhkan terapi oksigen meskipun tanpa menunjukkan gejala apa pun. Saat kondisi ini terjadi, Anda perlu untuk tetap tenang dan jangan panik, mencoba atur napas dan memastikan hidung tidak tersumbat.

Setelah tenang, Anda dapat memulai terapi oksigen dengan tabung oksigen yang tersedia, baik dalam kemasan kaleng portabel maupun tabung oksigen besar. Setelah nafas cukup stabil, periksa kembali saturasi oksigen Anda. Jika masih berada di bawah 90 persen maka sebaiknya hubungi faskes terdekat Anda.

 

Writer: Ratih

Edited by: dr. Anita Larasati Priyono

Last updated: 4-August-2021

 

Sumber:

  1. Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Penyakit Dalam Indonesia. Buku Panduan Isolasi Mandiri. 2021.
  2. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor HK.01.07/MENKES/4829/2021 Tentang Pedoman Pelayanan Kesehatan Melalui Telemedicine Pada Masa Pandemi Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). 2021.
  3. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Protokol Isolasi Mandiri. 2020.
  4. Dhont S, Derom E, Van Braeckel E, Depuydt P, Lambrecht BN. The pathophysiology of 'happy' hypoxemia in COVID-19. Respir Res. 2020 Jul 28;21(1):198. doi: 10.1186/s12931-020-01462-5. PMID: 32723327; PMCID: PMC7385717.
  5. Silva JC, Murrell D. Low and normal blood oxygen levels: What to know. Medical News Today. 2021 March. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321044
  6. CDC. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): The Basics of Oxygen Monitoring and Oxygen Therapy during the COVID-19 Pandemic. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/videos/oxygen-therapy/Basics_of_Oxygen_Monitoring_and_Oxygen_Therapy_Transcript.pdf 
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.14msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7448 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7448
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.9msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6232 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6232
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.87msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4058 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4058
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.85msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8050 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8050
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 8549
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.65msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8542 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8542
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.61msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8458 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8458
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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