Kenali Tanda dan Gejala Pneumonia pada Anak

Kenali Tanda dan Gejala Pneumonia pada Anak
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Pneumonia adalah infeksi pada salah satu atau kedua paru-paru yang dapat menyebabkan peradangan pada kantung udara di paru-paru. Infeksi ini bisa disebabkan oleh bakteri maupun virus. Saat kantung udara tersebut meradang, maka akan terisi dengan cairan atau nanah yang memicu gejala batuk berdahak, demam, menggigil serta kesulitan bernapas.

Bayi dan anak-anak termasuk yang rentan terhadap pneumonia. Penyakit ini bisa berbahaya karena sistem kekebalan tubuh mereka masih sedang berkembang. Anak-anak yang mengalami pneumonia berisiko mengalami kerusakan paru-paru, adanya komplikasi dan risiko yang lebih tinggi termasuk kegagalan pernapasan.

 

Tanda dan Gejala Pneumonia pada Anak

Tanda dan gejala pneumonia pada anak bisa beragam, tergantung pada apa penyebabnya. Namun, sering kali tidak mudah membedakan gejala pneumonia yang disebabkan oleh virus atau bakteri. Adapun gejala umum yang dirasakan saat terinfeksi pneumonia di antaranya:

  • Batuk berdahak
  • Nyeri di dada terutama saat batuk
  • Napas cepat dan sesak
  • Mual dan muntah
  • Kehilangan nafsu makan
  • Kelelahan
  • Demam
  • Bibir atau kuku berwarna kebiruan karena kurangnya oksigen dalam darah

Karena gejalanya menyerupai kondisi kesehatan lainnya, dibutuhkan pemeriksaan dokter untuk mendapatkan diagnosis yang akurat.

 

Baca Juga: Waspada 6 Kondisi Serius Akibat Komplikasi Pneumonia Berikut Ini

 

Diagnosis Pneumonia pada Anak

Batuk berdahak sebenarnya adalah hal yang umum dialami anak-anak. Namun, Anda perlu membawa anak untuk mendapatkan pemeriksaan apabila saat batuk anak mengalami kesulitan bernapas, demam terus-menerus 39 derajat atau lebih, adanya nanah di dahak, dan rasa nyeri di dada.

Untuk mendiagnosis apakah batuk yang dialami anak adalah pneumonia, dokter akan merekomendasikan serangkaian tes yang harus dijalani, di antaranya:

  • Rongen untuk mengetahui kondisi organ di dalam tubuh
  • Tes darah untuk mencari tanda-tanda infeksi
  • Kultur dahak untuk mengetahui apa penyebab infeksi
  • Oksimeter nadi untuk mengukur kadar oksigen di dalam darah
  • CT scan dada untuk mengambil gambar struktur dada
  • Bronkoskopi untuk melihat ke dalam saluran udara paru-paru
  • Kultur cairan pleura untuk mengambil sampel cairan dari ruang antara paru-paru dan dinding dada

 

Baca Juga: Beragam Jenis Vaksin untuk Mencegah Pneumonia

 

Pengobatan Pneumonia pada Anak

Setelah mendapatkan pemeriksaan akurat, dokter bisa merencanakan pengobatan yang tepat pada pneumonia yang dialami anak sesuai penyebabnya. Apabila pneumonia disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri, maka dokter akan meresepkan antibiotik. Sedangkan pneumonia yang terkait oleh virus biasanya tidak diberi pengobatan khusus karena akan sembuh sendiri. Pneumonia yang terkait dengan virus flu dapat diobati dengan obat antivirus.

Selain pengobatan, untuk meringankan gejala pneumonia dan mempercepat pemulihan, anak-anak disarankan untuk menerima perawatan berikut:

  • Beristirahat cukup agar sistem kekebalan tubuh secara alami dapat memerangi infeksi
  • Memastikan anak minum cukup cairan untuk menjaga tubuh terhidrasi
  • Membantu melembapkan udara di sekitar anak sehingga mereka bernapas lebih nyaman
  • Memberikan anak obat pereda demam seperti parasetamol untuk meredakan demam dan rasa tidak nyaman
  • Memberikan obat batuk untuk membantu meredakan batuk yang menyertai pneumonia

Pada kasus yang lebih parah, misalnya ketika anak mengalami masalah pernapasan yang parah, anak-anak perlu mendapatkan perawatan di rumah sakit. Terkait kebutuhan pengobatan dan perawatan, diskusikan dengan dokter mana yang dibutuhkan dan sesuai dengan kondisi anak Anda.

Apabila anak dirawat di rumah, Anda bisa tetap memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan bersama dokter kami dengan mengunduh aplikasi Ai Care melalui App Store atau Play Store.

Mau tahu informasi seputar kehamilan, menyusui, kesehatan wanita dan anak-anak? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Selasa, 30 April 2024 | 09:04

Cedars Sinai. Pneumonia in Children. Available from: https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions---pediatrics/p/pneumonia-in-children.html 

Kids Health (2023). Pneumonia. Available from: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/pneumonia.html 

Healthy Children (2020). Pneumonia in Children. Available from: https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/chest-lungs/Pages/Pneumonia.aspx 

Mayo Clinic (2020). Pneumonia. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pneumonia/symptoms-causes/syc-20354204 

WebMD (2022). What Is Bacterial Pneumonia?. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/lung/bacterial-pneumonia 

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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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