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Mengenal Mullerian Agenesis, Ketika Vagina dan Rahim Tidak Terbentuk

Mengenal Mullerian Agenesis, Ketika Vagina dan Rahim Tidak Terbentuk

Bagikan :


Mullerian agenesis merupakan kelainan bawaan dimana vagina dan rahim wanita tidak berkembang. Kondisi ini terkadang baru dapat dideteksi ketika usia remaja dimana anak wanita tidak kunjung mengalami menstruasi ketika usia remaja. Apa penyebab kondisi ini dan bagaimana menanganinya? Simak ulasannya berikut ini.

 

Apa Itu Mullerian Agenesis?

Mullerian agenesis, atau yang juga dikenal dengan mullerian aplasia, Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hause syndrome (sindrom MRKH) atau vaginal agenesis adalah kondisi kelainan bawaan sejak lahir pada sistem reproduksi wanita dimana vagina, leher rahim dan rahim tidak berkembang sempurna.

Kondisi ini termasuk kondisi langka yang umumnya hanya terjadi pada 1 dari 4500 kelahiran wanita. Sindrom ini merupakan jenis kecacatan pada vagina yang paling umum terjadi.

 

Jenis-Jenis Mullerian Agenesis

Dilansir Penn Medicine, mullerian agenesis atau sindrom MRKH dapat dibedakan menjadi dua jenis yaitu:

  • sindrom MRKH tipe 1: ketika rahim dan vagina tidak normal tetapi organ lain tidak terganggu
  • sindrom MRKH tipe 2: terjadi kelainan pada rahim, vagina dan organ lain seperti tuba falopi, ginjal dan tulang punggung

Pada beberapa kasus, wanita dengan sindrom MRKH juga dapat mengalami kelainan lain seperti gangguan pendengaran, dan masalah pada organ jantung.

 

Penyebab dan Gejala Mullerian Agenesis

Hingga saat ini belum diketahui penyebab pasti dari mullerian agenesis. Dilansir dari The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, kondisi ini disebabkan oleh tidak berkembangnya duktus mulleri sejak masa embrio. Akibatnya, wanita dapat mengalami tidak terbentuknya vagina, rahim, atau kelainan organ lainnya.

Beberapa tanda yang sering muncul diantaranya saluran vagina memendek dan tampak seperti lesung pipi di bawah uretra. Pada rahim yang tidak terbentuk secara normal, rahim akan terbentuk dengan garis tengah tunggal atau mungkin ada tanduk rahim, dengan atau tanpa rongga endometrium.

Sedangkan ovarium, karena berasal dari sumber embriologis yang terpisah biasanya tetap berkembang normal secara fungsi dan struktur meskipun ditemukan dalam lokasi yang mungkin tidak biasa.

Para ahli berpendapat gangguan kelainan kongenital ini dipengaruhi oleh faktor genetik dan lingkungan. Umumnya sindrom ini bisa terjadi tanpa adanya riwayat masalah genetik dalam keluarga. Namun sindrom ini juga dapat terjadi karena keturunan dari ibu ke anak kandung wanitanya.

Kondisi mullerian agenesis ini biasanya baru terlihat jelas ketika anak berusia 15-16 tahun. Salah satu gejala yang khas adalah anak tidak kunjung mengalami menstruasi pertamanya di masa pubertas.

Gejala ini sering kali terlambat dideteksi karena umumnya fungsi vagina normal, dan anak tidak merasakan gejala lain seperti nyeri atau pendarahan. Tanda-tanda pubertas lainnya juga berjalan normal seperti muncul payudara dan rambut kemaluan. Hal ini disebabkan oleh ovarium yang mengeluarkan hormon pubertas tersebut tetap berfungsi dengan normal.

 

Penanganan Mullerian Agenesis

Wanita dengan sindrom MRKH biasanya memiliki bentuk vagina yang sedikit lebih sempit sehingga membuat hubungan seksual terasa tidak nyaman. Untuk mengatasinya, salah satu pengobatan yang bisa dilakukan adalah dengan operasi pelebaran jaringan vagina yang sudah ada.

Cara lain yang bisa dilakukan adalah dengan menggunakan dilator vagina, yaitu memasukkan alat ke vagina yang berfungsi untuk melatih otot di sekitar vagina sehingga vagina lebih terbuka. Sedangkan untuk meningkatkan peluang kehamilan, bisa dilakukan transplantasi rahim, atau hamil dengan metode inseminasi buatan dengan metode ibu pengganti (surrogate mother).

 

Mullerian agenesis merupakan kondisi langka yang menyebabkan saluran vagina dan rahim wanita tidak sempurna. Apabila anak wanita Anda tidak menunjukkan tanda-tanda menstruasi di usia seharusnya, maka sebaiknya segera periksakan ke dokter.

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 04:53

The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2020). Available from: https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-opinion/articles/2018/01/mullerian-agenesis-diagnosis-management-and-treatment

Medline Plus. Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/mayer-rokitansky-kuster-hauser-syndrome/

Rare Diseases. Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser Syndrome. Available from: https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/mayer-rokitansky-kuster-hauser-syndrome/

 

Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) Syndrome. Available from: https://www.pennmedicine.org/for-patients-and-visitors/patient-information/conditions-treated-a-to-z/mayer-rokitansky-kuster-hauser-mrkh-syndrome

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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