4 Cara Pemberian Insulin pada Penderita Diabetes

4 Cara Pemberian Insulin pada Penderita Diabetes

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Penyakit diabetes merupakan salah satu penyakit mematikan di dunia. Menurut data WHO, kematian akibat diabetes menduduki peringkat kesembilan dengan perkiraan kematian akibat diabetes mencapai 1,5 juta jiwa di seluruh dunia. Komplikasi diabetes juga merupakan penyebab utama kebutaan, gagal ginjal, serangan jantung, stroke dan amputasi kaki.

Penanganan diabetes umumnya dilakukan dengan memperbanyak aktivitas fisik, melaksanakan diet sehat, melakukan pemeriksaan rutin, mengonsumsi obat-obatan dan melakukan terapi lainnya yang dibutuhkan. Salah satu terapi yang umum dilakukan bagi penderita diabetes adalah terapi insulin, yaitu memasukkan insulin ke dalam tubuh untuk mengontrol gula darah pada penderita diabetes. Insulin tidak diberikan dalam bentuk pil atau obat minum karena akan lebih mudah terurai oleh sistem pencernaan sebelum dapat bekerja efektif.

Beberapa metode pemberian terapi insulin di antaranya:

1. Suntikan insulin

Suntikan insulin merupakan metode terapi insulin yang paling banyak dipilih pengidap diabetes. Penggunaan suntik insulin perlu mendapat resep dari dokter. Dokter akan melakukan pemeriksaan dan serangkaian tes sebelum menentukan dosis dan jenis yang sesuai dengan kondisi kesehatan pasien. Setiap orang memiliki masalah diabetes yang berbeda sehingga membutuhkan dosis dan jenis suntikan insulin yang berbeda pula.

Kelebihan dari suntikan insulin adalah suntikan dan obat insulin cukup banyak tersedia di apotek dan toko alat kesehatan. Selain harganya yang terjangkau, penyuntikan insulin juga lebih mudah dilakukan sendiri.

2. Pena insulin

Pena insulin merupakan salah satu cara praktis untuk memasukkan insulin ke dalam tubuh. Pena insulin menggunakan cartridge berisi insulin yang dimasukkan ke dalam pena. Setiap pena insulin memiliki mode pengaturan dosis untuk setiap penyuntikan.

Dari segi penggunaan, pena insulin juga mudah digunakan dibandingkan suntik insulin. Namun tidak semua jenis insulin bisa digunakan dengan pena insulin. Selain itu, pena insulin umumnya lebih mahal dibandingkan suntikan insulin.

3. Pompa insulin

Bagi para penderita diabetes yang takut jarum, pompa insulin bisa menjadi solusi praktis untuk memasukkan insulin ke dalam tubuh. Pompa insulin adalah perangkat elektronik yang dapat secara otomatis memasukkan insulin ke dalam tubuh. Alat ini bekerja dengan melepaskan insulin dosis basal  dan insulin dosis bolus untuk menurunkan kadar gula darah yang tinggi.

Pompa insulin berukuran seperti pager atau telepon genggam mungil yang dipasang di ikat pinggang atau dimasukkan ke dalam kantung. Pompa insulin menyalurkan insulin melalui selang tipis yang diletakkan semi-permanen ke dalam lapisan lemak di bawah kulit, umumnya di lemak perut atau di lengan atas.

Kelebihan dari penggunaan pompa insulin adalah dapat memberikan kadar insulin lebih mudah dan akurat dan dapat meminimalisir efek samping dari insulin kerja panjang atau insulin kerja sedang. Namun dari segi harga, pompa insulin masih terbilang cukup mahal dibanding metode pemberian insulin lainnya.

4. Insulin inhaler

Penggunaan insulin inhaler memang tidak sepopuler metode pemberian insulin lainnya seperti suntikan dan pompa insulin. Seperti cara kerja inhaler untuk asma, insulin dalam bentuk inhaler menawarkan bubuk insulin yang bisa dihirup melalui paru-paru yang kemudian masuk ke pembuluh darah.

Kelebihan dari insulin inhaler adalah dapat bekerja efektif seperti insulin kerja panjang dan bisa digunakan sebelum makan. Sayangnya harga perangkat ini cukup mahal, berisiko menyebabkan batuk dan kemungkinan memberi dosis insulin yang kurang tepat.

 

Suntik insulin adalah salah satu terapi utama dalam pengobatan diabetes, namun tidak semua penderita diabetes memerlukan suntikan insulin. Bagi pengidap diabetes disarankan untuk berkonsultasi dengan dokter untuk mendapatkan rekomendasi terapi yang tepat. Apabila dokter meresepkan suntikan insulin, konsultasikan dengan dokter mengenai cara penyuntikan, dosis, jadwal dan efek samping suntik insulin yang perlu diketahui pasien.

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Ayu Munawaroh, MKK
Last Updated : Senin, 17 April 2023 | 01:39

WHO. Diabete. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diabetes.

BPOM. Insulin. Available from: http://pionas.pom.go.id/ioni/bab-6-sistem-endokrin/61-diabetes/611-insulin.

CDC. 4 ways to take insulin. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/basics/type-1-4-ways-to-take-insulin.html.

Mayo Clinic. Diabetes treatment: using insulin to manage blood sugar. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/in-depth/diabetes-treatment/art-20044084.

American Diabetes Association. Insulin pumps: relief and choice. Available from: https://www.diabetes.org/healthy-living/medication-treatments/insulin-other-injectables/insulin-pumps-relief-and-choice.

WebMD. Inhaled insulin. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/inhaled-insulin#1-3.

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 9866
      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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