3 Jenis Infeksi Telinga dan Perbedaannya

3 Jenis Infeksi Telinga dan Perbedaannya
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Infeksi telinga yang umum terjadi adalah infeksi telinga bagian tengah. Infeksi ini terjadi di ruang di belakang gendang telinga yang disebut rongga timpani atau telinga tengah. Rongga timpani biasanya berisi udara, dan di dalamnya terdapat tiga tulang kecil yang disebut tulang martil, landasan, dan sanggurdi.

Infeksi telinga tengah biasanya disebabkan oleh infeksi virus atau bakteri yang masuk melalui saluran pernapasan bagian atas, seperti flu atau pilek. Ketika saluran pernapasan tersumbat, misalnya karena pilek, dapat menyebabkan penumpukan lendir di saluran pernapasan bagian atas dan menyebabkan infeksi menyebar ke telinga tengah.

 

Jenis-Jenis Infeksi Telinga

Infeksi telinga dibedakan menjadi tiga kategori, di antaranya:

 

Otitis Media Akut (OMA)

Otitis media akut adalah jenis infeksi telinga yang menyakitkan. Infeksi ini terjadi di rongga belakang gendang telinga.

Infeksi ini biasanya terjadi saat adanya bakteri atau virus yang masuk ke telinga tengah melalui saluran pernapasan atas. Akibatnya rongga telinga mengalami peradangan.

OMA paling umum dialami bayi atau anak-anak, namun juga bisa terjadi pada orang dewasa. Gejala otitis media akut pada anak, di antaranya:

  • Rewel dan menangis
  • Menolak tidur
  • Menarik-narik telinga
  • Nyeri di telinga
  • Sakit kepala
  • Nyeri leher
  • Telinga terasa penuh
  • Keluarnya cairan dari dalam telinga
  • Demam
  • Muntah
  • Diare
  • Mudah marah
  • Keseimbangan terganggu
  • Kehilangan pendengaran

Dokter biasanya memberikan antibiotik untuk mengobati OMA. Namun Anda juga bisa meringankan gejalanya dengan mengompres sekitar telinga dengan air hangat, minum obat pereda nyeri atau meneteskan obat pereda nyeri yang dijual bebas di toko obat atau apotek.

 

Baca Juga: Penyebab Telinga Sering Berdenging

 

Otitis Media dengan Efusi (OME)

Otitis media dengan efusi (OME) adalah kondisi di mana terdapat cairan di telinga tengah, tetapi tidak ada tanda-tanda infeksi akut seperti nyeri telinga atau demam. OME sering terjadi setelah infeksi telinga akut atau mungkin juga terjadi tanpa adanya infeksi sebelumnya.

Ketika saluran pendengaran (eustachius) yang menghubungkan telinga tengah dengan saluran pernapasan bagian belakang hidung tersumbat, maka akan ada penumpukan cairan di telingah tengah. Dengan kondisi tersebut Anda akan merasa telinga berat dan penuh, serta gangguan pendengaran sementara.

Pada sebagian besar kasus, OME akan sembuh dengan sendirinya dalam beberapa minggu atau bulan. Namun jika OME berlangsung lama atau menyebabkan masalah pendengaran yang signifikan, langkah-langkah pengobatan dapat dilakukan.

OME lebih umum terjadi pada anak-anak, terutama mereka yang sering mengalami infeksi saluran pernapasan bagian atas. Faktor-faktor lain yang dapat berkontribusi terhadap OME termasuk alergi, paparan asap rokok, kelainan anatomi saluran pendengaran, dan gangguan sistem kekebalan tubuh.

 

Baca Juga: Stroke Telinga, Benarkah Ada?

 

Otitis media kronis dengan efusi (COME)

Otitis Media Kronis dengan Efusi mengacu pada adanya efusi atau penumpukan cairan di telinga tengah yang berlangsung dalam jangka waktu yang lama (lebih dari 3 bulan) dan terjadi berulang kali.

Pengobatan untuk COME tergantung pada berbagai faktor, termasuk usia pasien, tingkat gangguan pendengaran, dan faktor penyebabnya. Penggunaan obat-obatan untuk mengurangi peradangan atau merangsang fungsi tuba Eustachius, terapi tekanan negatif, pemasangan tabung timpanostomi. Dalam beberapa kasus tertentu, tindakan pembedahan seperti pengangkatan amandel atau pembedahan untuk memperbaiki tuba Eustachius dapat direkomendasikan agar infeksi tidak terjadi berulang.

Anda mungkin sebaiknya perlu berkonsultasi dengan dokter bila mengalami tanda-tanda infeksi telinga. Dokter akan melakukan pemeriksaan telinga dan menentukan langkah pengobatan yang paling sesuai dengan kondisi individu Anda.

 

Anda juga bisa memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi dokter melalui aplikasi Ai Care yang bisa diunduh di Play Store atau App Store.

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Senin, 19 Juni 2023 | 03:12

Tim Newman (2017). How to treat ear infections. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/167409 

Mayo Clinic (2021). Ear infection (middle ear). Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ear-infections/symptoms-causes/syc-20351616 

Rose Kivi (2019). Acute Otitis Media: Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/ear-infection-acute 

Frederick T. Searight, et all (2023). Otitis Media With Effusion. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538293/ 

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      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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    App\Models\Admin\Post
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