Diltiazem

Diltiazem
Diltiazem diindikasikan pada pasien dengan gangguan jantung

Bagikan :


Brand/Nama Lain

Cordia, Cordizem, Dilbres, Diltiasan, Diltiazem, Farmabes, Herbesser.

 

Cara Kerja

Diltiazem tergolong sebagai obat jantung yang bekerja dengan menghambat kanal ion kalsium. Obat ini akan menghambat masuknya ion kalsium saat terjadi perubahan aliran listrik di otot jantung dan otot polos pembuluh darah.

Diltiazem bekerja dengan melebarkan pembuluh darah pada tubuh dan jantung, sehingga tekanan darah pada penderita hipertensi (tekanan darah tinggi) bisa turun. Ketika pembuluh darah melebar, darah dapat mengalir lebih banyak dalam pembuluh darah. Suplai darah serta oksigen ke seluruh tubuh juga akan turut meningkat.

 

Indikasi

Diltiazem umumnya diberikan pada pasien penyakit:

  • Tekanan darah tinggi
  • Gangguan irama jantung (aritmia) tertentu
  • Nyeri dada akibat penurunan aliran darah ke jantung (angina pektoris)

 

Kontraindikasi

Obat ini tidak boleh diberikan pada orang-orang dengan kondisi:

  • Ibu menyusui
  • Gagal jantung kronis (CHF) berat 
  • Memiliki riwayat alergi berat pada diltiazem atau obat penurun tekanan darah golongan antagonis kalsium lain seperti amlodipine
  • Denyut jantung lambat (bradikardia) yang sudah menimbulkan keluhan berat
  • Serangan jantung mendadak (infark miokard akut)
  • Adanya kelebihan cairan dalam paru

 

Efek Samping

Ada beberapa keluhan yang bisa timbul sebagai efek samping obat, yaitu:

  • Pusing
  • Sakit kepala
  • Kelelahan
  • Batuk
  • Hidung tersumbat
  • Detak jantung melambat
  • Tekanan darah rendah (hipotensi)
  • Mual
  • Muntah
  • Sakit perut
  • Diare
  • Konstipasi atau sembelit

Perlu diperhatikan karena ada efek samping serius yang perlu penanganan medis segera, yaitu:

  • Pembengkakan pada wajah, mata, bibir, mulut, tangan, lengan, kaki
  • Kesulitan bernapas
  • Peningkatan frekuensi atau perburukan keluhan nyeri dada
  • Kelelahan yang berlebihan
  • Perlambatan denyut jantung yang disertai keluhan berat (pusing, pingsan atau penurunan kesadarah, tekanan darah rendah)

 

Sediaan

Sediaan diltiazem dapat berupa tablet dan kaplet 30 mg, 60 mg, 90 mg, 100 mg, 180 mg, dan 200 mg. Obat ini juga tersedia dalam bentuk vial cairan suntik sebesar 10 mg dan 50 mg. 

 

Dosis

Nyeri Dada (Angina)

Diltiazem diberikan melalui obat minum.

  •  Dewasa
    • Tablet dengan dosis 30 mg sebanyak 4x/hari. Dosis bisa ditingkatkan dalam dosis terbagi dengan jeda waktu 1-2 hari sampai efek yang diharapkan tercapai.
    • Pada tablet dengan pelepasan yang dimodifikasi, bisa diberikan dosis awal 60 mg sebanyak 3x/hari. Dosis bisa ditingkatkan hingga 360-480 mg sehari dalam dosis terbagi. 
  • Lansia 
    • Tablet khusus dengan pelepasan yang dimodifikasi, bisa diberikan dosis awal 60 mg sebanyak 2x/hari.
    • Dosis dapat ditingkatkan dengan hati-hati hingga 240 mg 1x/hari bila denyut jantung >50x/menit.

 

Tekanan Darah Tinggi

  • Dewasa
    • Tablet khusus dengan pelepasan yang dimodifikasi, bisa diberikan dosis awal 90-120 mg 2x/hari.
    • Dosis dapat ditingkatkan hingga 180 mg 2x/hari bila diperlukan.
    • Dosis maksimal 360 mg per hari.
  • Lansia
    • Tablet khusus dengan pelepasan yang dimodifikasi, bisa diberikan dosis awal 60 mg 2x/hari
    • Dosis dapat ditingkatkan hingga 240 mg 1x/hari secara hati-hati.

 

Dosis pada Gangguan Ginjal atau Gangguan Hati

Pada penderita nyeri dada (angina pektoris) atau tekanan darah tinggi yang juga memiliki gangguan ginjal, dosis awal diltiazem yang diberikan adalah 60 mg 2x/hari. Dosis obat dapat ditingkatkan perlahan hingga 240 mg sehari bila detak jantung >50x/menit.

 

Keamanan

Diltiazem tergolong ke dalam obat keras. Konsumsi Diltiazem dapat menyebabkan kelelahan dan rasa pusing. Hindari mengendarai mobil atau mengoperasikan alat berat setelah konsumsi obat untuk menghindari efek samping.

Diltiazem bersifat teratogenik (menyebabkan kelainan pada pertumbuhan janin dalam kandungan) pada hewan uji coba, sementara itu data penelitian pada manusia masih terbatas. Oleh karena itu, diltiazem baru diberikan pada ibu hamil bila setelah ditimbang efek positifnya lebih bermanfaat dibandingkan risiko yang bisa timbul. Penggunaan Diltiazem pada ibu sebaiknya dihindari karena obat dapat dikeluarkan dalam ASI.

 

Interaksi Obat

  • Efek obat diltiazem bisa berkurang bila diltiazem diberikan bersama antibiotik (rifampisin) 
  • Efek obat-obatan berikut bisa meningkat bila diltiazem diberikan bersama obat:
    • Penenang (benzodiazepin, buspirone) untuk mengatasi kecemasan
    • Penurun kadar kolesterol (simvastatin dan atorvastatin)
    • Obat jantung lainnya (propanolol, digoxin) 

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar obat-obatan lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : dr Kevin Luke
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 09:13

Diltiazem. (2022). Retrieved 25 July 2022, from https://www.mims.com/indonesia/drug/info/diltiazem

Diltiazem Hidroklorida. (2022). Retrived 25 July 2022, from https://pionas.pom.go.id/monografi/diltiazem-hidroklorida

Diltiazem HCl. (2022). Retrived 25 July 2022, from https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-3783-276/diltiazem-oral/diltiazem-tablet-oral/details

Diltiazem. (2021). Retrived 25 July 2022, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532937/

Diltiazem. (2017). Retrived 25 July 2022, from https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a684027.html

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.7msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4630 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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