Dapsone

Dapsone
Credit: Goodrxmedicine.

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Brand/Nama Lain

Tidak ada merek dagang dari obat ini. Obat ini tersedia dalam bentuk generik.

 

Cara Kerja

Dapsone adalah obat antilepra untuk melawan bakteri. Obat ini bekerja dengan menghambat pembentukan asam dihidrofolat pada sel bakteri selama pembelahan sel. Asam dihidrofolat ini berperan dalam pembentukan asam nukleatnya. Obat ini juga memiliki sifat anti peradangan.

 

Indikasi

Obat ini digunakan untuk beberapa kondisi medis yaitu:

  • Kusta atau lepra
  • Dermatitis Herpertiformis (peradangan kulit kronis akibat alergi gluten)
  • Jerawat
  • Pencegahan terjadinya pneumonia (peradangan paru akibat infeksi kuman) yang diakibatkan oleh jamur Pneumocystis jirovecii.
  • Pencegahan malaria 

 

Kontraindikasi

Terdapat kondisi medis yang menjadi kontraindikasi penggunaan obat ini yaitu:

  • Alergi terhadap obat ini
  • Anemia berat
  • Porfiria (kelainan darah karena penumpukan zat kimia yang memproduksi porfirin di tubuh)
  • Penyakit keturunan kekurangan enzim G6PD
  • Methemoglobin bawaan (kelainan darah akibat kelebihan methemoglobin)

 

Efek Samping

Efek samping yang paling sering terjadi setelah menggunakan obat ini yaitu:

  • Nyeri pada kaki, punggung dan perut
  • Demam
  • Gangguan pernapasan
  • Penurunan nafsu makan
  • Kemerahan pada kulit
  • Kelelahan dan kelemahan yang tidak biasa
  • Kulit pucat
  • Perubahan suasana hati
  • Nyeri tenggorokan
  • Kuning pada mata dan kulit
  • Gangguan tidur atau sulit tidur
  • Nyeri kepala
  • Gatal dan iritasi pada kulit

Terdapat efek samping fatal yang dapat terjadi seperti adanya kelainan darah, anemia berat dan terjadi reaksi kulit berlebihan yang dapat mengancam nyawa.

 

Sediaan

Obat ini tersedia dalam bentuk tablet 100 mg, serta gel 5% dan 7%.

 

Dosis

Dosis obat bergantung dengan tujuan pengobatan seperti di bawah ini:

Kusta dengan 1-5 Bercak Kulit (pausi basiler) 

  • Dewasa, dosis obat ini jika dikombinasikan dengan rifampisin yaitu 100 mg/hari selama 6 bulan.
  • Anak usia 10-14 tahun, dosis obat kombinasi dengan rifampisin 50 mg/hari minimal selama 6 bulan.

Kusta dengan >5 Bercak Kulit (multi basiler)

  • Dewasa, obat dikombinasikan bersama klofazimin dan rifampisin dengan dosis dapsone 100 mg/hari. Lama pengobatan minimal 12 bulan.
  • Anak usia 10-14 tahun, dosis obat 50 mg/hari selama minimal 12 bulan.

Dermatitis herpetiformis

  • Dosis awal sebesar 50 mg/hari, dapat dinaikkan menjadi 300 mg/hari.
  • Dosis dapat diturunkan hingga mencapai dosis harian 25-50 mg/hari.

Pencegahan Malaria

  • Dosis obat 100 mg setiap minggu. Pengobatan dikombinasikan dengan primethamine.

Jerawat

  • Dosis obat gel dapson 5% dioleskan tipis pada area kulit yang mengalami jerawat dua kali sehari.

 

Keamanan

Obat ini masuk kategori C dalam kehamilan. Obat ini menunjukkan efek buruk pada janin hewan uji coba. Penelitian obat ini pada manusia belum pernah dilakukan. Pada ibu menyusui, dapsone dapat terkandung dalam ASI. Sehingga penggunaan obat ini pada ibu menyusui perlu dihindari. Namun, obat ini bisa digunakan pada ibu hamil bila manfaatnya lebih tinggi dari risiko pemberian obat.

 

Interaksi Obat

  • Kadar dapson dalam darah dapat meningkat jika digunakan dengan obat penurun kadar asam urat di tubuh (probenecid).
  • Jika dapsone digunakan dengan obat antivirus (saquinavir) dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya gangguan irama jantung.
  • Risiko terjadinya methemoglobinemia meningkat jika dapsone berinteraksi dengan obat:
    • Antikejang (fenobarbital, fenitoin)
    • Penurun demam (parasetamol)
    • Antimalaria (primakuin)
  • Interaksi dengan antibiotik (trimetroprim-sulfamethoxazole) dapat meningkatkan kadar dapson dalam darah.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium, radiologi, dan lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : dr Luluk Ummaimah A
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 19:29

Dapsone – Mims Indonesia. (2022). Retrieved 8 July 2022, from https://www.mims.com/indonesia/drug/info/dapsone?mtype=generic

Dapsone - Uses, Side Effects and More – WebMD. (2022). Retrieved 8 July 2022, from https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-6744/dapsone-oral/details

Dapsone (Oral Route) - Mayo Clinic. Mayoclinic.org. (2021). Retrieved 8 July 2022, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/dapsone-oral-route/side-effects/drg-20063327

Dapsone – Rxlist. (2022). Retrieved 8 July 2022, from https://www.rxlist.com/dapsone-drug.htm#description

Dapsone – Drugs.com. (2022). Retrieved 8 July 2022, from https://www.drugs.com/mtm/dapsone.html

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.7msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3759 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 3733
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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