Kolestiramin (Cholestyramine)

Kolestiramin (Cholestyramine)
Credit: Shutterstock. Ilustrasi kolesterol di dalam darah.

Bagikan :


Brand/Nama Lain

Nama dagang dari obat ini adalah Sequest. Selain itu Kolestiramin juga dikenal dengan cholestyramin mau pun colestyramine.

 

Cara Kerja

Kolestiramin dikenal sebagai pengikat asam empedu. Obat ini bekerja dengan mengeluarkan asam empedu dari tubuh. Obat ini bekerja dengan cara melepaskan ion klorida (Cl) ke dalam saluran cerna dan berikatan dengan asam empedu. Kondisi ini menimbulkan asam empedu tidak mudah terserap. Sehingga terbuang dari tubuh melalui feses. Pada penderita kolesterol tinggi, hal ini menyebabkan hati membuat lebih banyak asam empedu dengan menggunakan kolesterol dalam darah. Hal ini akan membantu menurunkan kadar kolesterol.

 

Indikasi

Obat digunakan untuk beberapa kondisi medis dan tujuan seperti di bawah ini:

  • Pasien yang mengalami gatal akibat adanya sumbatan pada sebagian saluran empedu atau penyakit sirosis
  • Diare karena asam empedu
  • Hiperlipidemia
  • Penyakit serangan jantung

Kolestiramin digunakan bersama dengan diet yang tepat untuk menurunkan kolesterol dalam darah. Menurunkan kolesterol dapat membantu mengurangi risiko stroke dan serangan jantung. Selain diet yang tepat (seperti diet rendah kolesterol/rendah lemak), perubahan gaya hidup yang lain dapat membantu obat ini bekerja lebih baik termasuk berolahraga, menurunkan berat badan jika kelebihan berat badan/obesitas, dan berhenti merokok. Kolestiramin juga dapat digunakan untuk mengobati gatal pada orang dengan terlalu banyak asam empedu yang disebabkan oleh jenis penyakit hati/saluran empedu tertentu (obstruksi bilier parsial/penyumbatan saluran empedu sebagian).

 

Kontraindikasi

  • Riwayat alergi Kolestiramin.
  • Penyumbatan saluran empedu total.
  • Kadar trigliserida yang tinggi.

 

Efek Samping

  • Sembelit, sakit perut, nyeri ulu hati, perut kembung, mual, dan muntah dapat terjadi. Selain itu dapat juga terjadi diare atau bahkan wasir Jika salah satu dari efek ini menetap atau memburuk, beri tahu dokter Anda segera.
  • Beri tahu dokter Anda segera jika salah satu dari efek samping yang jarang namun serius ini terjadi: sakit perut hebat, pendarahan/memar yang tidak biasa, pernapasan menjadi cepat, dan kebingungan (penurunan kesadaran).
  • Efek samping penggunaan jangka panjang dan dosis tinggi adalah risiko terjadinya perdarahan dan steatorrhea (BAB dengan kandungan lemak tinggi).
  • Selain itu, terdapat efek samping yang jarang terjadi seperti mengalami kebutaan pada malam hari akibat kekurangan vitamin A dan dapat mengalami kekurangan vitamin D.
  • Reaksi alergi yang mungkin terjadi seperti kemerahan dan gatal pada kulit, lidah, dan area dubur.
  • Reaksi alergi yang sangat serius terhadap obat ini jarang terjadi. Namun, segera dapatkan bantuan medis jika Anda mengalami gejala reaksi alergi yang serius, termasuk: gatal/bengkak (terutama pada wajah/lidah/tenggorokan), pusing hebat, dan kesulitan bernapas.

 

Sediaan

Kolestiramin tersedia dalam bentuk serbuk dengan kandungan 4 gram.

 

Dosis

Dosis obat bervariasi sesuai dengan tujuan pengobatan dan usia seperti di bawah ini:

Gatal yang disebabkan oleh adanya sumbatan sebagian saluran empedu atau penyakit sirosis

  • Dewasa: 4-8 gram per hari.
  • Anak-anak usia 6-12 tahun: 240 mg/kg per hari dalam 2-3 dosis terbagi. Dosis maksimal: 8 gram per hari.

Diare akibat asam empedu atau asam lambung, peningkatan kadar kolesterol, dan serangan jantung

  • Dewasa: dosis awal 4 gram per hari, dosis dapat ditingkatkan 4 gram per minggu menjadi 12-24 gram per hari dalam 1-4 dosis terbagi, kemudian disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan. Dosis maksimal: 36 gram per hari.
  • Anak-anak usia 6-12 tahun: 240 mg/kg per hari dalam 2-3 dosis terbagi. Dosis maksimal: 8 gram per hari.

 

Keamanan

  • Beberapa produk mungkin mengandung gula atau aspartam. Hati-hati jika Anda menderita diabetes, fenilketonuria (kelainan genetik yang menyebabkan asam amino yang disebut fenilalanin menumpuk di dalam tubuh), atau kondisi lain yang mengharuskan Anda untuk membatasi/menghindari zat-zat tersebut.
  • Karena obat ini dapat mengganggu penyerapan nutrisi tertentu (seperti asam folat dan vitamin yang larut dalam lemak termasuk vitamin A, D, E, K), dokter mungkin akan menyarankan Anda untuk mengonsumsi suplemen multivitamin. Konsultasikan dengan dokter Anda untuk informasi lebih lanjut.
  • Kategori obat ini dalam kehamilan adalah C. Artinya obat ini pada hewan uji coba tidak menimbulkan efek buruk namun belum diketahui efeknya pada manusia secara langsung. Selama kehamilan, obat ini harus digunakan hanya jika benar-benar dibutuhkan. Obat ini dapat memengaruhi penyerapan nutrisi tertentu. Diskusikan risiko dan manfaatnya dengan dokter Anda.
  • Obat ini tidak dikeluarkan melalui ASI, namun dapat memengaruhi penyerapan nutrisi tertentu seperti vitamin yang larut lemak. Konsultasikan dengan dokter Anda sebelum menyusui.

 

Interaksi Obat

  • Penggunaan bersama vitamin larut lemak dapat mencegah penyerapan vitamin tersebut.
  • Kolestiramin dapat menimbulkan penurunan kecepatan obat penurun kolesterol (clofibarate).
  • Obat ini juga dapat menggangu proses penyerapan suplemen fosfat
  • Selain itu terdapat beberapa obat di bawah ini yang dapat mengalami penurunan daya penyerapan dalam tubuh akibat berinteraksi dengan kolestiramin yaitu:
    • Asam folat (suplemen ibu hamil) 
    • Diuretik tiazid (obat yang digunakan untuk membuang kelebihan garam dan air dari dalam tubuh melalui urine).
    • Propranolol (obat darah tinggi dan beberapa jenis gangguan jantung).
    • Digoxin (obat untuk beberapa jenis gangguan jantung).
    • Loperamide (antidiare).
    • Fenilbutazon (obat antiradang).
    • Antikoagulan seperti warfarin (pengencer darah)
    • Hormon tiroid
    • Suplemen besi
    • Beberapa jenis tetrasiklin (antibiotik, contohnya penisilin G).
    • Vitamin yang larut dalam lemak (vitamin A, D, E, dan K).
    • Clofibrate (obat untuk menurunkan kadar kolesterol tinggi).

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar obat-obatan lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : dr David Wiliam
Editor :
  • dr Anita Larasati Priyono
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 03:47

BPOM RI. Colestyramine. cekbpom.pom.go.id. Retrieved 22 May 2022, from https://cekbpom.pom.go.id//home/produk/69bhknndt7v4km8sdutf8ashf5/all/row/10/page/0/order/4/DESC/search/5/Colestyramine

MIMS Indonesia. Colestyramine. Mims.com. Retrieved 22 May 2022, from https://www.mims.com/indonesia/drug/info/colestyramine?mtype=generic

Web MD. Cholestyramine Packet - Uses, Side Effects, and More. Webmd.com. Retrieved 22 May 2022, from https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-4796/cholestyramine-oral/details

Medlineplus. Cholestyramine Resine. Medlineplus.gov. Retrieved 22 May 2022, from https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682672.html

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.62msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7340 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 5997
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.31msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8591 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8591
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 655
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#11aicare_prod_new1.11msselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 4 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.36msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9719 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9719
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 1118
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#11aicare_prod_new1.11msselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 4 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 4
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.81msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8189 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 7564
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 7482
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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