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  • WHO Rilis Panduan Pemberian MPASI Terbaru, Simak Rekomendasinya

WHO Rilis Panduan Pemberian MPASI Terbaru, Simak Rekomendasinya

WHO Rilis Panduan Pemberian MPASI Terbaru, Simak Rekomendasinya
Ilustrasi MPASI. Credit: Freepik

Bagikan :


Pada 16 Oktober 2023 WHO mengeluarkan panduan terbaru mengenai pemberian MPASI (Makanan Pendamping ASI). Dalam rekomendasi tersebut terdapat beberapa perubahan dari panduan sebelumnya, terutama terkait pemberian nasi dan protein hewani. Seperti apa aturan pemberian MPASI menurut panduan WHO? Yuk, simak ulasannya berikut ini!.

 

Pemberian MPASI Menurut Aturan WHO Terbaru

Makanan pendamping ASI (MPASI) adalah makanan tambahan yang diberikan pada bayi untuk bisa mencukupi kebutuhan nutrisi bayi sebagai pendamping ASI atau susu formula. Ketika bayi dilahirkan, makanan terbaik baginya adalah ASI. Namun seiring dengan perkembangannya, ASI atau susu formula saja tidak cukup untuk kebutuhan tumbuh kembangnya. Untuk itu bayi perlu mendapatkan makanan tambahan sesuai aturan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan nutrisinya. 

Masa menyusui

Dalam panduan pemberian MPASI yang dikeluarkan WHO disebutkan bahwa pemberian ASI diberikan sejak bayi lahir dan diteruskan hingga bayi berusia 2 tahun atau lebih. Untuk menyukseskan pemberian ASI pada bayi, diperlukan dukungan dari faktor lingkungan seperti keluarga, lingkungan kantor dan tempat-tempat umum. 

Ibu juga diharapkan proaktif untuk berkonsultasi dan memeriksakan diri ke fasilitas kesehatan jika mengalami masalah atau tantangan dalam menyusui. Ibu bisa berkonsultasi ke konselor laktasi atau dokter untuk mengatasi masalah saat menyusui. 

Baca Juga: Kandungan Nutrisi di Dalam Air Susu Ibu (ASI) dan Rekomendasi Terbaru Menurut WHO

 

Aturan pemberian ASI dan susu formula

Menurut panduan WHO, pada bayi yang berusia 6-11 bulan dan tidak minum ASI bisa meminum susu formula atau susu hewan. Ketika menginjak usia 12-23 bulan, bayi non ASI dianjurkan untuk meminum susu hewan. Dalam memberikan susu hewan, susu yang bisa diberikan adalah susu yang sudah dipasteurisasi, terevaporasi, terfermentasi atau yogurt dan tidak menganjurkan pemberian susu berperasa atau yang diberi pemanis.

Mengenai pemberian ASI, sejak bayi berusia 6 bulan dan mulai makan makanan padat, kegiatan menyusu tetap perlu dilanjutkan. Ibu bisa memberikan ASI sesuai jadwal menyusu. Beberapa bayi ASI kemungkinan mengalami kekurangan zat besi sehingga berisiko memiliki berat badan kurang. Untuk bayi yang mengalami anemia defisiensi zat besi terutama pada bayi prematur dan BBLR sebaiknya konsultasi ke dokter mengenai pemenuhan zat besi pada bayi. 

 

Konsumsi protein hewani dan makanan berpati

Dalam panduan MPASI terbaru, anak-anak berusia 6-23 bulan perlu dikenalkan beragam makanan. Untuk konsumsi protein hewani, anak-anak perlu mengonsumsinya setiap hari. Jika konsumsi sumber protein hewani dan sayur terbatas, Anda bisa memberikan kacang-kacangan pada si kecil. Untuk buah dan sayur sebaiknya diberikan setiap hari. 

Sementara itu, untuk makanan pokok berpati seperi nasi, mie, dan makanan berbahan tepung yang biasanya dikonsumsi dalam jumlah besar, menurut panduan MPASI terbaru sebaiknya dikurangi. 

Baca Juga: Manfaat Beras Merah untuk Kesehatan Bayi

 

Hindari konsumsi makanan pabrikan

Untuk anak-anak, hindari memberikan makanan pabrikan atau makanan ultra proses. Makanan yang diproses tinggi mengandung banyak bahan tambahan seperti gula, garam, lemak, dan pewarna atau pengawet buatan. Makanan ultra-olahan sebagian besar terbuat dari zat yang diekstrak dari makanan, seperti lemak, pati, gula tambahan, dan lemak terhidrogenasi. Akibatnya kandungan nutrisinya sangat minim bagi bayi. 

Selain makanan kemasan, anak-anak juga sebaiknya tidak diberikan makanan yang tidak sehat seperti makanan yang mengandung tinggi gula, garam, dan lemak trans. 

 

Menerapkan responsive feeding

Anak usia 6–23 bulan harus diberi makan secara responsif sesuai sinyal lapar dan kenyang anak. Metode ini mendorong anak untuk makan sesuai dengan dorongan fisiologis dan kebutuhan perkembangannya yang akan mendukung pertumbuhan dan perkembangan yang sehat. Selain itu, responsive feeding juga mendorong regulasi diri pada anak dan mencegar agar anak tidak makan terlalu sedikit atau terlalu banyak, bermanfaat bagi perkembangan kognitif, emosi dan sosialnya. 

 

Itulah sebagian besar rekomendasi pemberian MPASI pada anak-anak usia 6-23 bulan. Jika memiliki pertanyaan seputar pemberian MPASI sebaiknya konsultasikan ke dokter atau manfaatkan fitur konsultasi pada aplikasi Ai Care. 

Mau tahu informasi seputar kehamilan, menyusui, kesehatan wanita dan anak-anak? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Rabu, 22 Mei 2024 | 07:44

WHO. (2023). WHO guidelines for complementary feeding of infants and young children 6–23 months of age. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240081864

Nationwide Children. How Long Should You Breastfeed?. Available from: https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/family-resources-education/family-resources-library/how-long-should-you-breastfeed

CDC. Iron. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/breastfeeding-special-circumstances/diet-and-micronutrients/iron.html

Unicef. (2016). Responsive Feeding: Supporting Close and Loving Relationship. Available from: https://www.unicef.org.uk/babyfriendly/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/12/Responsive-Feeding-Infosheet-Unicef-UK-Baby-Friendly-Initiative.pdf

Health Harvard. (2020). What are ultra-processed foods and are they bad for our health?. Available from: https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/what-are-ultra-processed-foods-and-are-they-bad-for-our-health-2020010918605

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • 0: 8288
      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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