Manfaat dan Risiko Minuman Isotonik bagi Kesehatan

Manfaat dan Risiko Minuman Isotonik bagi Kesehatan
Ilustrasi minuman isotonik. Credit: Freepik

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Minum minuman isotonik sering menjadi pilihan minuman menyegarkan setelah olahraga. Kandungan gula dan garam pada minuman ini dapat membantu mengembalikan keseimbangan elektrolit yang hilang bersama keringat saat olahraga. Namun mengonsumsi minuman ini juga dapat menimbulkan efek samping jika Anda mengonsumsinya berlebihan. 

 

Apa Itu Minuman Isotonik?

Bagi Anda yang gemar melakukan olahraga berat seperti lari atau mendayung, sering kali membutuhkan asupan minuman yang menyegarkan setelah olahraga. Salah satu minuman yang banyak dipilih adalah minuman isotonik.

Ketika olahraga, tubuh akan mengeluarkan keringat untuk menyeimbangkan suhu tubuh. Bersamaan dengan keringat, tubuh juga kehilangan elektrolit, yaitu mineral penting dalam tubuh seperti sodium/natrium, magnesium dan kalium.

Elektrolit dalam tubuh berfungsi untuk menghantarkan muatan listrik yang menjaga sistem internal Anda tetap bekerja efisien. Mineral juga berperan dalam menjaga kadar cairan tubuh, mengubah nutrisi menjadi energi dan mendukung fungsi otak, ritme jantung, dan kontrol otot.

Selain kehilangan elektrolit dari olahraga, seseorang juga dapat kehilangan elektrolit akibat sakit seperti demam. Untuk mengembalikan elektrolit yang hilang bersama keringat, Anda dapat mengonsumsi minuman isotonik.

Minuman isotonik adalah minuman yang diformulasikan untuk mengembalikan keseimbangan elektrolit dalam tubuh. Minuman ini mengandung elektrolit seperti kalium, kalsium, magnesium, natrium dan klorida.

Meskipun minuman isotonik termasuk dalam salah satu minuman olahraga, namun minuman isotonik memiliki kandungan berbeda dengan minuman olahraga pada umumnya. Pada beberapa minuman olahraga dapat terkandung zat lain selain elektrolit seperti kafein. 

Baca Juga: Panduan Berolahraga di Tengah Cuaca Panas Ekstrem

 

Manfaat Minuman Isotonik

Meningkatkan performa saat olahraga 

Minuman elektrolit banyak dikonsumsi oleh atlet, pelari atau para penggemar olahraga lainnya. Minuman ini membantu memberi bahan bakar pada tubuh sebelum berolahraga dan mengisi kembali cairan, energi dan elektrolit yang terkuras selama olahraga. Tak hanya itu, minum minuman isotonik selama olahraga juga dapat memgoptimalkan kerja otot selama durasi latihan, mencegah kram dan mencegah dehidrasi.

 

Mendukung sistem kekebalan tubuh

Sakit seperti demam dan diare dapat menyebabkan tubuh mengalami dehidrasi dan kehilangan elektrolit. Dalam sistem kekebalan tubuh, elektrolit memiliki peran penting untuk proses penyembuhan dan pencegahan penyakit.

Kalium, klorida dan kalsium bersinergi untuk menjalankan proses apoptosis, yaitu proses tubuh menghancurkan sel yang rusak sebelum sel tersebut bermutasi.

Baca Juga: Mengapa Mengantuk dan Lelah Setelah Olahraga?

 

Menjaga kesehatan sel

Manfaat lain air dalam minuman elektrolit adalah mengangkut nutrisi ke dalam sel-sel tubuh dan membuang produk limbah dari sel tersebut. Fungsi cairan sangat penting untuk menjaga sel-sel Anda tetap hidup dan kesehatan secara keseluruhan. Mekanisme ini juga membantu melindungi organ dan jaringan tubuh serta membawa nutrisi dan oksigen ke sel. Selain itu, mekanisme ini juga mengurangi beban pada ginjal dan hati dengan membuang produk limbah.

 

Membantu mencegah heat stroke

Saat olahraga di cuaca panas, minum minuman elektrolit bukan hanya berfungsi untuk mengembalikan cairan yang hilang namun juga mencegah terkena serangan heat stroke. Minum minuman elektrolit membantu Anda tubuh tetap dingin, terhindar dari dehidrasi dan pusing atau mual akibat ketidakseimbangan elektrolit dari serangan panas. 

 

Efek Samping Minuman Isotonik

Minuman isotonik mengandung elektrolit yang berfungsi mencegah dehidrasi. Meskipun memberikan kesegaran dan manfaat bagi kesehatan, minuman isotonik sebaiknya tidak dikonsumsi berlebihan.

Beberapa minuman isotonik mengandung pemanis buatan yang mengandung gula dan kalori berlebih. Jika dikonsumsi berlebihan, hal ini dapat menyebabkan risiko obesitas dan masalah kesehatan lainnya seperti diabetes tipe 2, penyakit kardiovaskular, dan peradangan sendi. Minum minuman isotonik berlebih juga dapat menyebabkan ketidakseimbangan elektrolit yang ditandai dengan kebingungan, diare, sakit kepala, mual dan muntah. 

 

Mau tahu tips dan trik kesehatan, pertolongan pertama, dan home remedies lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Selasa, 6 Februari 2024 | 06:44

Tinsley, G. (2018). Should You Drink Sports Drinks Instead of Water?. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/sports-drinks

Cleveland Clinic. (2023). Are Electrolyte-Loaded Sports Drinks Healthy?. Available from: https://health.clevelandclinic.org/electrolyte-drinks-beneficial-or-not/

Muinos, L. (2023). Are Sports Drinks Really Good for You?. Available from; https://www.everydayhealth.com/diet-nutrition/are-sports-drinks-really-good-for-you/

Meyter, A. (2022). 5 Benefits of Electrolyte Drinks. Available from:  https://www.verywellfit.com/benefits-of-electrolyte-drinks-6826048#

Cleveland Clinic. Can You Drink Too Many Electrolytes?. Available from: https://health.clevelandclinic.org/too-many-electrolytes/

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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