Self Harm pada Remaja, Ini Tips bagi Orang Tua Menghadapinya

Self Harm pada Remaja, Ini Tips bagi Orang Tua Menghadapinya
Credits: Freepik. Anak yang sedang menyendiri ingin melakukan self harm

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Self harm atau menyakiti diri adalah tindakan dengan sengaja melukai diri sendiri sebagai cara untuk mengatasi emosi yang menyakitkan. Cara ini juga dilakukan untuk mengendalikan perasaan atau memberikan perasaan lega.

Self harm pada remaja dilakukan untuk mengungkapkan perasaan putus asa, mencari bantuan, memengaruhi perilaku orang lain atau untuk "membalas" tindakan orang lain. Ketika seorang remaja menyakiti dirinya sendiri, ini pertanda bahwa ia sedang dalam tekanan yang dalam.

Ada banyak cara yang dilakukan remaja untuk menyakiti diri, di antaranya:

  • Menyundut diri sendiri dengan rokok atau korek sehingga menimbulkan luka bakar
  • Menyayat diri dengan pisau atau cutter
  • Menarik-narik rambut dengan keras sampai rontok
  • Menggigit diri sendiri
  • Memukul diri sendiri hingga memar
  • Memukul diri dengan benda yang heras
  • Mengelupasi keropeng sehingga luka tidak kunjung sembuh

 

Bagaimana Mengenali Tanda-Tanda Self Harm pada Remaja?

Memasuki masa remaja, perlahan anak akan berusaha menjaga jarak dengan orang tua dan tidak banyak menghabiskan waktu dengan keluarga. Sebagian besar waktu dihabiskan di sekolah atau dengan teman-teman kelompoknya. Inilah mengapa tidak mudah untuk mengetahui tanda-tanda ketika remaja sedang berusaha menyakiti dirinya.

Anak-anak yang menyakiti dirinya sendiri cenderung menunjukkan tanda-tanda sebagai berikut:

  • Memiliki perubahan suasana hati yang besar
  • Mudah tersinggung dan marah
  • Memiliki temperamen yang sulit dikendalikan
  • Mudah merasa sedih, tidak berguna dan hampa
  • Merasa bersalah
  • Tidak mempedulikan penampilannya
  • Memiliki luka yang tidak dapat dijelaskan
  • Terlihat tidak berenergi
  • Menghindari aktivitas yang memperlihatkan bagian tubuh tertentu seperti berenang, atau menggunakan pakaian yang terlalu tertutup bahkan di cuaca yang panas
  • Membolos sekolah
  • Menyembunyikan benda tajam atau korek api di dalam kamarnya
  • Tidak lagi terlihat bermain bersama teman dan lebih sering mengurung diri
  • Memiliki gangguan tidur dan makan

 

Tips bagi Orang Tua bila Anak Melakukan Self Harm

Tentunya sangat menyedihkan ketika melihat anak terpuruk dan menyakiti dirinya sendiri. Namun Anda harus menahan diri untuk tidak memarahinya. Saat ini, yang ia butuhkan justru perhatian dan pendampingan Anda, sehingga beban tekanan bisa diangkat dan ia kembali menjadi pribadi yang ceria dan hangat kembali.

Inilah yang bisa Anda lakukan untuk membantu melewati masa sulitnya:

Menerima Kenyataan

Terima kenyataan bahwa ada tekanan besar yang dialami anak Anda sehingga ia menyakiti diri sendiri. Bila Anda merasa sedih, kecewa, terkejut, marah, atau kebingungan, maka berikan waktu diri sendiri untuk menenangkan diri. Ini bukanlah salah Anda, atau salah anak Anda.

Cari Tahu Penyebabnya

Cari tahu apa yang memicu anak Anda menyakiti dirinya. Perilaku menyakiti diri terkadang muncul ketika anak memiliki trauma pada sesuatu, atau ingin mencari perhatian orang tua atau orang terdekatnya.

Berbicara dengan Anak

Akan sangat tidak mudah untuk membicarakan hal ini dengan anak, terutama jika ternyata pemicu anak menyakiti diri berhubungan dengan masalah keluarga. Namun tetaplah penting untuk berbicara tentang hal ini dan terbuka dari hati ke hati.

Mereka mungkin merasa malu dan tidak ingin membicarakannya karena takut bahwa Anda akan marah. Hindari menunjukkan rasa kecewa, menghakimi, atau marah pada alasan di balik menyakiti diri yang dilakukannya.

Mencari Pertolongan Ahli

Anda mungkin tidak berhasil membuatnya berbicara dan bercerita tentang apa yang sudah ia lakukan. Tidak apa-apa, jangan menyerah. Ajak anak untuk mendapatkan pertolongan ahli sehingga mereka lebih leluasa menceritakan permasalahannya dan mendapatkan bantuan untuk melewati masa beratnya ini.

Bagi sebagian remaja, menyakiti diri sendiri mungkin sebagai pertanda depresi, gangguan bipolar, rasa berduka yang berlarut-larut, perilaku kompulsif, atau perfeksionisme. Dengan mendapatkan pertolongan ahli, anak akan seperti menemukan jalan keluar untuk masalahnya, sehingga mereka bisa menghadapi permasalahannya dengan cara yang lebih bijaksana.

Yang terakhir, berikanlah contoh positif pada anak ketika menghadapi stres dan tekanan. Mungkin dengan menyediakan lebih banyak waktu untuk bercerita dan berdiskusi dengannya. Diskusi memang tidak menjamin menemukan jalan keluar dari setiap permasalahan, namun setidaknya dengan menceritakan apa yang dialami dapat mengangkat sedikit beban sehingga tidak memberikan tekanan yang terlalu besar pada diri sendiri.

 

Semua orang tua perlu lebih bersabar dalam menghadapi perubahan dan perkembangan yang terjadi di masa remaja. Setiap remaja pastinya punya kesulitannya sendiri-sendiri. Tetapi tetaplah yakin bahwa pada saatnya nanti, kedewasaannya akan semakin bertambah sehingga mereka siap menjalani kehidupan orang dewasa dengan tantangan dan permasalahan baru yang lebih rumit.

Mau tahu informasi seputar kehamilan, menyusui, kesehatan wanita dan anak-anak? Cek di sini, ya!

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 14:22

Raising Children. Self-harm and teenagers. Available from: https://raisingchildren.net.au/teens/mental-health-physical-health/mental-health-disorders-concerns/self-harm

KidsHealth (2022). Helping Teens Who Self-Harm. Available from: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/help-cutting.html

American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy. Adolescent Self-Harm. Available from:
https://aamft.org/Consumer_Updates/Adolescent_Self_Harm.aspx

 

Vincent Iannelli, MD (2020). Cutting and Self-Harm Behaviors in Teens. Available from: https://www.verywellmind.com/teen-cutting-and-self-harm-behaviors-2633862

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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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