Mengenal Cara Kerja Misoprostol dalam Proses Persalinan

Mengenal Cara Kerja Misoprostol dalam Proses Persalinan
Ilustrasi obat. Credit: Freepik

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Obat Misoprostol adalah obat yang digunakan untuk mengatasi tukak lambung dan menginduksi persalinan. Obat ini juga dapat diberikan pada ibu hamil yang keguguran untuk menjalani proses kuretase. Mengingat penggunaan obat ini dapat menimbulkan efek samping serius, maka sebaiknya hanya diminum sesuai anjuran dokter.

 

Apa Itu Misoprostol?

Misoprostol adalah obat yang mengandung senyawa mirip dengan prostaglandin. Obat ini digunakan untuk mencegah terjadinya tukak lambung ketika Anda mengonsumsi obat antiperadangan seperti aspirin, ibuprofen, dan naproxen. Selain digunakan untuk mencegah tukak lambung, misoprostol umumnya digunakan pada induksi persalinan dan aborsi.

Perlu diingat bahwa praktik aborsi di Indonesia adalah tindakan ilegal kecuali untuk kondisi darurat medis pada ibu dan janin, serta bagi korban perkosaan. Melakukan aborsi tanpa indikasi tersebut merupakan tindakan melanggar hukum dan berisiko hukuman pidana.

Obat misoprostol tersedia dalam sediaan tablet 0,2 mg dan 20 mg. Jika dokter meresepkan Anda misoprostol, maka sebaiknya konsumsi obat sesuai anjuran agar tidak menimbulkan efek samping serius. Anjuran konsumsi misoprostol antara lain:

  • Untuk mencegah tukak lambung:

Dewasa: 0,2 mg empat sekali sehari dengan makanan

  • Untuk induksi kelahiran

25 mcg melalui vagina setiap 3-6 jam

Baca Juga: Apa Saja yang Menyebabkan Ibu Hamil Keguguran?

 

Cara Kerja Misoprostol untuk Induksi Persalinan

Pada kasus obstetrik, obat misoprostol dapat digunakan untuk induksi persalinan, terminasi kehamilan (aborsi) dan penggunaan postpartum untuk menghentikan perdarahan setelah persalinan. Sebagai prostaglandin sintetis, misoprostol bekerja dengan mengikat sel miometrium sehingga memicu kontraksi yang kuat.

Obat ini juga mendorong pematangan serviks setelah pelunakan dan pelebaran serviks. Pelebaran serviks terjadi melalui penurunan kolagen pada jaringan ikat stroma dan penurunan tonus serviks akibat peningkatan kekuatan dan frekuensi kontraksi. Mekanisme inilah yang bermanfaat untuk menginduksi persalinan dan pengeluaran jaringan pada kasus janin yang sudah meninggal.

Baca Juga: Segala Sesuatu yang Perlu Anda Ketahui Tentang Prosedur Kuret

 

Efek Samping Misoprostol

Seperti halnya penggunaan obat-obatan pada umumnya, misoprostol juga memiliki efek samping ringan dan serius. Beberapa efek samping ringan misoprostol antara lain: 

  • Sakit perut
  • Gangguan pencernaan
  • Perut kembung (gas)
  • Sembelit
  • Mual dan muntah
  • Diare ringan
  • Sakit kepala
  • Kram vagina
  • Bercak perdarahan di luar menstruasi
  • Perdarahan menstruasi yang berlebihan
  • Nyeri haid

Efek samping ringan biasanya dapat bertahan dalam beberapa hari hingga minggu. Namun jika gejalanya menjadi lebih parah atau tidak kunjung hilang sebaiknya periksakan ke dokter. 

Sementara itu efek samping serius dari penggunaan misoprostol termasuk kasus yang jarang, namun bisa saja terjadi. Beberapa efek samping serius yang perlu diwaspadai antara lain diare parah yang menyebabkan dehidrasi dan reaksi elergi berat seperti ruam, gatal, dan flushing, yaitu sensasi hangat dan kemerahan di kulit. Jika mengalami reaksi alergi berat setelah penggunaan misoprostol sebaiknya periksakan ke dokter. 

Misoprostol merupakan obat keras yang dapat digunakan untuk mencegah tukak lambung dan mengatasi kasus obstetrik seperti menginduksi persalinan, menghentikan perdarahan pascapersalinan serta proses aborsi. Penggunaan misoprostol sebaiknya digunakan hanya dengan resep dokter dan tidak dikonsumsi bebas untuk tindakan aborsi ilegal.

Bagi ibu hamil yang dianjurkan minum misoprostol untuk mencegah tukak lambung, sebaiknya informasikan pada dokter mengenai kondisi kehamilan Anda. Jika memiliki pertanyaan seputar konsumsi obat-obatan, Anda bisa berkonsultasi ke dokter atau memanfaatkan fitur konsultasi pada aplikasi Ai Care. 

Mau tahu informasi seputar kehamilan, menyusui, kesehatan wanita dan anak-anak? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Senin, 26 Februari 2024 | 08:04

Medscape. Misoprostol (Rx). Available from: https://reference.medscape.com/drug/cytotec-misoprostol-341995

RxList. Cytotec. Available from: https://www.rxlist.com/cytotec-drug.htm

Mayo Clinic. Misoprostol (Oral Route). Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/misoprostol-oral-route/side-effects/drg-20064805?p=1

MedlinePlus. Misoprostol. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a689009.html#

WebMD. Misoprostol-Uses, Side Effects, adn More. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-6111/misoprostol-oral/details

Watson, A. (2023). Misoprostol oral tablet. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/drugs-misoprostol-tablet

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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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