Kelebihan dan Kekurangan Alat Kontrasepsi KB Spiral (IUD)

Kelebihan dan Kekurangan Alat Kontrasepsi KB Spiral (IUD)
Credit: Unsplash

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Saat ini banyak pilihan alat kontrasepsi yang bisa Anda gunakan untuk mencegah kehamilan. Salah satu alat kontrasepsi yang banyak digunakan perempuan adalah KB spiral atau IUD (intrauterine device). Selain aman digunakan dan minim efek samping, KB spiral juga dapat digunakan dalam jangka panjang. Bagi Anda yang ingin menggunakan KB spiral, sebaiknya kenali dulu kelebihan dan kekurangan alat kontraspesi satu ini.

 

Apa Itu KB Spiral (IUD)?

KB Spiral atau IUD (intrauterine device) adalah alat kontrasepsi berbentuk seperti huruf T berbahan plastik yang dipasang di dalam rahim untuk mencegah kehamilan. KB Spiral terdiri dari dua jenis, yaitu:

KB Spiral hormonal atau IUD hormonal. IUD hormonal bekerja dengan cara melepaskan hormon progestin ke rahim. Dengan cara ini, lendir di leher rahim akan semakin kental sehingga sperma akan sulit untuk berenang di dalam rahim.

KB Spiral non-hormonal atau IUD non-hormonal (IUD tembaga). IUD non-hormonal adalah KB spiral yang dilapisi tembaga. IUD tembaga bekerja dengan cara menciptakan respon peradangan di rahim sehingga sperma dan sel telur sulit bertahan.

 

Kelebihan KB Spiral (IUD)

KB Spiral memiliki efektivitas hingga 99% dalam mencegah kehamilan dan dapat digunakan dalam jangka panjang. Dengan menggunakan IUD, Anda tidak perlu lagi mengingat jadwal minum obat rutin seperti jika Anda minum pil KB. Beberapa kelebihan lainnya dari KB spiral antara lain:

  • IUD dapat digunakan dalam jangka panjang. IUD hormon dapat digunakan dalam jangka waktu 3-5 tahun, sedangkan IUD tembaga bisa Anda gunakan hingga 10 tahun. Meskipun bisa digunakan dalam jangka panjang, namun Anda perlu memeriksa IUD secara berkala untuk mencegah risiko bergeser.
  • Tidak memengaruhi kesuburan. Jika Anda ingin segera hamil, Anda bisa melepas IUD kapan saja dan memulai program hamil.
  • Tidak menambah berat badan. IUD hormon tidak melepaskan hormon yang meningatkan nafsu makan sehingga tidak menambah berat badan bagi ibu.
  • Aman digunakan untuk ibu yang menyusui. Penggunaan IUD tidak mengurangi produksi ASI sehingga aman bagi ibu menyusui.
  • Mengatasi masalah kesehatan lainnya. Penggunaan IUD dapat membantu mengurangi nyeri menstruasi dan mengurangi menstruasi yang terlalu deras.

 

Kekurangan KB Spiral (IUD)

Selain memiliki beberapa kelebihan, KB spiral juga memiliki beberapa kekurangan, antara lain:

  • Pemasangan IUD terasa nyeri. Bagi sebagian orang, pemasangan IUD dapat menimbulkan rasa nyeri dan tidak nyaman. Namun tak perlu khawatir, rasa nyeri ini akan hilang setelah pemasangan selesai.
  • IUD bisa bergeser. Pada kondisi tertentu, IUD bisa bergeser sehingga meningkatkan peluang kehamilan.
  • IUD tidak dapat mencegah penyakit menular seksual. Untuk mencegah penularan penyakit seksual, Anda bisa menggunakan kondom.
  • Muncul bercak perdarahan. Pemasangan IUD biasanya menyebabkan bercak perdarahan secara tidak teratur pada awal pemasangan. Kondisi ini dapat berlangsung selama beberapa bulan dan akan mereda dengan sendirinya.
  • Menstruasi menjadi lebih lama dan nyeri. Pada awal pemakaian IUD, menstruasi Anda akan berubah menjadi lebih deras, lama dan nyeri. Kondisi ini akan berkurang setelah beberapa waktu.
  • Memicu infeksi pelvis. Jika saat pemasangan terjadi infeksi dan tidak ditangani dengan tepat, hal ini dapat menyebabkan infeksi pelvis.

KB Spiral atau IUD merupakan alat kontrasepsi yang memiliki banyak manfaat dan praktis untuk digunakan. Namun IUD tidak disarankan bagi Anda yang memiliki riwayat kanker payudara atau memiliki masalah rahim dan radang panggul. Jika Anda ingin menggunakan KB spiral atau IUD sebaiknya konsultasikan terlebih dahulu dengan dokter.

Mau tahu informasi seputar kehamilan, menyusui, kesehatan wanita dan anak-anak? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 10:59
Tags : kb spiral kb hormonal iud

NHS. Intrauterine Device (IUD). Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/contraception/iud-coil/

WebMD. (2022). Birth Control and the IUD (Intrauterine Device). Available from: https://www.webmd.com/sex/birth-control/iud-intrauterine-device

Planned Parenthood. What are the Benefits of IUD?. Available from: https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/birth-control/iud/what-are-the-benefits-of-iuds

 

Kids Health. The IUD. Available from: https://www.kidshealth.org/en/teens/contraception-iud.html

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