Gatal-Gatal Saat Hamil, Mungkinkah Itu Kolestasis Kehamilan?

Gatal-Gatal Saat Hamil, Mungkinkah Itu Kolestasis Kehamilan?

Bagikan :


Sebagian wanita mengalami gatal-gatal parah di akhir usia kehamilan. Gatal-gatal ini khususnya muncul di malam hari, dan membuat ibu hamil kesulitan tidur. Kondisi ini dikenal dengan istilah kolestasis.

Kolestasis atau Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy (ICP) adalah kondisi di mana aliran normal empedu dipengaruhi oleh peningkatan hormon kehamilan. Kondisi ini memicu rasa gatal yang hebat tetapi tidak disertai ruam. Gatal ini biasanya terjadi pada tangan dan kaki atau bagian tubuh lainnya.

Kolestasis kehamilan membuat ibu hamil merasa tidak nyaman dan dikhawatirkan terjadi komplikasi pada ibu dan janin. Ketika komplikasi terjadi, maka dokter akan merekomendasikan persalinan dini.

 

Gejala Kolestasis

Dilansir Cleveland Clinic dan American Pregnancy Association, berikut adalah gejala kolestasis kehamilan:

  • Gatal parah (pruritus) yang dimulai pada tangan dan kaki dan menyebar ke bagian tubuh lainnya
  • Mual
  • Urin berwarna gelap
  • Feses berwarna cerah pucat
  • Kelelahan
  • Napsu makan menurun
  • Rasa sakit pada perut kanan bagian atas
  • Perubahan warna kuning pada kulit, mata dan membran mukosa
  • Depresi

Kolestasis kehamilan umumnya berkembang di usia kehamilan trimester ketiga, di mana level hormon kehamilan sedang mencapai puncaknya. Menurut Cleveland Clinic, ibu hamil yang berdarah Skandinavia, India, Pakistan dan Chili memiliki potensi lebih besar mengalami kolestasis. Di mana di antara 1-2 orang ibu hamil dari 1.000 kehamilan berpotensi mengalaminya.

 

Penyebab dan Faktor Risiko

Tidak diketahui jelas apa yang dapat menyebabkan kolestasis kehamilan. Menurut ilmuwan, faktor genetik diperkirakan yang paling berperan dalam hal ini.

Empedu adalah zat yang diproduksi di dalam hati yang berfungsi membantu memecah lemak selama proses mencerna makanan. Pada beberapa orang, ketika kadar hormon seperti estrogen meningkat selama hamil, aliran empedu di hati berhenti atau melambat. Perlambatan ini menyebabkan empedu menumpuk di hati dan mulai memasuki aliran darah.

Dilansir Mayo Clinic, berikut adalah beberapa faktor yang meningkatkan risiko kolestasis kehamilan, di antaranya:

  • Riwayat keluarga yang pernah mengalami kolestasis kehamilan
  • Riwayat kerusakan hati atau penyakit hati
  • Sedang hamil janin kembar

 

Bahaya Kolestasis Kehamilan

Walaupun tidak terlihat berbahaya, kolestasis kehamilan dapat menyebabkan komplikasi serius pada ibu atau janin, di antaranya seperti dilansir Cedars-Sinai berikut:

  • Gangguan pada perkembangan janin misalnya seperti janin tidak mendapatkan cukup asupan oksigen
  • Kelahiran prematur
  • Adanya mekonium di dalam cairan ketuban yang dapat memicu gangguan pernapasan pada janin
  • Problem pernapasan pada janin

Ketika ibu hamil mengalami kolestasis kehamilan, umumnya dokter akan memberikan resep obat untuk meringankan gejala gatalnya. Dokter juga akan memberikan serum untuk empedu serta mengawasi kondisi janin di dalam rahim.

Apabila kondisi memburuk, maka dokter akan merekomendasikan persalinan lebih dini untuk menurunkan risiko pada janin. Anda mungkin akan melahirkan di usia 37-38 minggu dan harus menjalani proses persalinan cesar. Untuk mencegah gejala memburuk, apabila saat ini Anda sedang hamil dan seringkali merasa gatal-gatal parah di malam hari, sebaiknya periksakan kondisi Anda ke dokter untuk mendapatkan pengobatan dan perawatan yang sesuai dengan kondisi tubuh.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar kehamilan, menyusui, kesehatan wanita dan anak-anak? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Anita Larasati Priyono
Last Updated : Jumat, 14 April 2023 | 00:38

Mayo Clinic Staff (2020). Cholestasis of pregnancy. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cholestasis-of-pregnancy/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20363258

Cedars Sinai (2021). Cholestasis of Pregnancy. Available from: https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/c/cholestasis-of-pregnancy.html

Cleveland Clinic (2019). Cholestasis of Pregnancy. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17901-cholestasis-of-pregnancy

American Pregnancy Association. Cholestasis of Pregnancy. Available from: https://americanpregnancy.org/healthy-pregnancy/pregnancy-complications/cholestasis-of-pregnancy/

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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.14msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3911 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        Backtrace
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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